Phytochemical screening and isolation of steroid/triterpenoid compounds from n-hexane extract of Papaya leaves (Carrica papaya L)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 1819-1830
Abstract
In Indonesia, papaya plants are common in several areas, from Sabang to Merauke. As a tropical country, almost all corners of Indonesia have various shapes and different types of papayas. Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) contain tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins which act as antiparasitics. This research aims to determine the results of the chemical compound groups found in papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.). To determine the characteristics of isolates from n-hexane extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) using UV and IR spectrophotometry. This research includes making simplicia from papaya leaves, then phytochemical screening, then simplicia characterization, then making extracts from papaya leaf simplicia, after that analysis of the extract using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, then isolation using column chromatography (KK), purity testing using Two-way thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the isolation obtained were identified using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and infrared (IR) spectrophotometry. The results of the characterization of the Carica papaya L Simplicia showed that the water content was 4%, the water-soluble essence content was 16.64%, the ethanol-soluble essence content was 11.6%, the total ash content was 9.88%, the ash content was 0. 66%, the results of the phytochemical screening of Carica papaya L., simplicial contain steroid/triterpenoid compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins. The results of the isolated analysis showed that the isolate obtained was a violet-colored steroid/triterpenoid compound. The isolate obtained was analyzed using UV light spectrophotometry, giving an absorbance at a wavelength of 207 nm, indicating that there was a chromophore group. The IR spectrophotometry results showed OH, aliphatic CH, and CH2 groups, CH3, C=O and CO.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Afriani, R., Nasution, H.M., Mambang, D. E. P., & Dalimunthe, G. I. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Analgesik Ekstrak Daun Timun Tikus (Coccini Grandis(l). Voight) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus). 1(April), 157-168.
Ahmad, N., Fazal, H., Ayaz, M., Abbasi, B., Mohammad, I., & Fazal, L. (2011). Dengue fever treatment with carica papaya leaves extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(4), 330-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60055-5
Bansal, R. and Suryan, A. (2022). A comprehensive review on steroidal bioconjugates as promising leads in drug discovery. Acs Bio & Med Chem Au, 2(4), 340-369. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00071
Chávez-Quintal, P., González-Flores, T., Rodríguez-Buenfil, I., & Gallegos-Tintoré, S. (2011). Antifungal activity in ethanolic extracts of carica papaya l. cv. maradol leaves and seeds. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 51(1), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-011-0086-5
Corso, E., Pipolo, C., Cantone, E., Ottaviano, G., Gallo, S., Canevari, F., & Galli, J. (2022). Survey on use of local and systemic corticosteroids in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: identification of unmet clinical needs. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(6), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060897
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia Edisi III.Jakarta: Depkes RI. Hal. 649, 748, 767-769, 772-775.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (1989). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid V. Jakarta: Depkes RI. Hal. 513-522, 536-541, 549-553.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta: Depkes RI. Hal. 1, 10-11.
Devmurari, V., Patel, P., Jadeja, R., Bhadaniya, C., Aghara, P., Patel, A., … & Nariya, P. (2021). Steroid and fatty acid contents from the leaves of carica papaya. Folia Medica, 63(3), 422-428. https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.63.e55300
Diaz, P., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Khoo, C., & Koyyalamudi, S. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Chinese Medicine, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-7-26
El-Mallakh, R., Brar, K., & Yeruva, R. (2019). Cardiac glycosides in human physiology and disease: update for entomologists. Insects, 10(4), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10040102
Fajriyah, S., Lestari, Y., Suaka, N., & Darmawan, E. (2021). Narrative review: nano kapsul ekstrak biji papaya (carica papaya l.) sebagai antifertilitas. Jurnal Surya Medika, 6(2), 10-24. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v6i2.1688
Fung, F. and Linn, Y. (2017). Steroids in traditional chinese medicine: what is the evidence?. Singapore Medical Journal, 58(3), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2017016
G.R, B. and A.P, N. (2023). Therapeutic efficacy of oral carica papaya leaf juice extract in the supportive care of infectious thrombocytopenia in bleeding dogs... https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3001583/v1
Harahap, K., Febri, S., Komariyah, S., & Hasri, I. (2021). Efektivitas penggunaan ekstrak daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) sebagaipengendalian infestasiargulus sp. pada ikan koi (cyprinus carpio). Jurnal Airaha, 10(02), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.15578/ja.v10i02.261
Karlina, V.R., Nasution, H.M., Muslim, U., & Al, N. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli 1(April), 131-139
Kiprop, J., Walekhwa, M., Wambugu, E., & Otieno, F. (2022). Synergistic antifungal analysis of carica papaya leaf and solanum melongena peel ethanolic extracts against candida albicans. Journal of Science Innovation and Creativity, 1(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.58721/jsic.v1i1.71
Klein, J., Horn, E., Ernst, M., Leykauf, T., Leupold, T., Dorfner, M., & Munkert, J. (2021). Rnai-mediated gene knockdown of progesterone 5β-reductases in digitalis lanata reduces 5β-cardenolide content. Plant Cell Reports, 40(9), 1631-1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02707-3
Li, S., Li, C., Cheng, X., Liu, X., & Han, M. (2019). Research progress of male reproductive toxicity of chinese materia medicas. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7249679
Lobang, E., Putri, I., Hanafi, Z., & Widhiyastuti, E. (2021). Pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak carica papaya dan propolis terhadap peningkatan trombosit. Jurnal Farmasi (Journal of Pharmacy), 9(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.37013/jf.v9i2.107
Malathi, P., dan S.R Vasugi. 2015. Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Effect of Carica Papaya Against Aedes Aegypti. International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2 (3): 21-24.
Mambang, D. E. P., Nasution, H.M., & Friyani, L. (2021). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Terhadap Ekstrak Etanol Sawi Pahit (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Farmanesia, 8(2), 94-100
Martial-Didier, A., Hubert, K., Parfait, K., & Kablan, T. (2017). Phytochemical properties and proximate composition of papaya (carica papaya l. var solo 8) peels. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 5(6), 676-680. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i6.676-680.1154
Meleveetil, V. (2021). Statistical evaluation and characterization of carica papaya metabolites. Pharmacognosy Research, 13(3), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.13.3.4
Melita, D., Elsyana, V., & Ulfa, A. (2022). Efektivitas ekstrak etil asetat daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) sebagai larvasida nyamuk aedes aegypti. Indonesian Journal of Biological Pharmacy, 2(3), 144. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijbp.v2i3.42396
Melita, D., Elsyana, V., & Ulfa, A. (2022). Efektivitas ekstrak etil asetat daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) sebagai larvasida nyamuk aedes aegypti. Indonesian Journal of Biological Pharmacy, 2(3), 144. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijbp.v2i3.42396
Momoh, J., Damazio, O., & Oyegbami, O. (2020). Gc–ms analysis and antimalarial activity of methanolic leaf extract of carica papaya against plasmodium berghei nk65 infection in swiss mice. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 183-197. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1230323
Munandar Nasution, H., Yuliarti, R., Rani, Z., & Nursyafira, A. (2022). Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) I.C. Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(3), 647-653.
Munandar, A., Nasution, M. P., Nasution, H. M., & Mambang D. E. P. (2023). Phytochemical Screening And Cytotoxicity Testing Of Ethanol Extract Of Green Bean Sprout (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek) With Method BSLT. Jurnal Farmasainkes, 2(2), 214-223.
Nasution, H. M. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Isolasi Senyawa Steroid/Triterpenoid Dari Ekstrak n-Heksana Rumput Laut Eucheuma Alvarezii Doty Phytochemical Screening And Steroid/Triterpenoid Isolation of n-Heksana Extract Of Seaweed Eucheuma Alvarezii Doty. Jurnal dunia farmasi, 4(3), 108-115
Nasution, H. M., Fatimah, C., & Syara, N. (2019). Karakterisasi simplisia skrining fitokimia dan uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol herbal binataro (cerbera manghas L.) terhadap artemia salina Leach characterization of phytochemical screening simplicia and toxicity test of herbal ethanol extract bintaro (Cerber. Farmenesia, 6(1), 19-26).
Nasution, H. M., Miswanda, D., & Dwiyani, A. O. (2022) Karakterisasi, Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dadap Serep (Erythrina variegata Hassk.) Terhadap tikus. Prosiding hasil seminar penelitian “Hilirisasi Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Menuju Universitas Internasional Yang Humanis, Mandiri Dan Islam, 107-112.
Ogunlakin, A. (2023). Antidiabetic potential of carica papaya l. and its constituents: from folkloric uses to products development. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 6(6), 126. https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v6i6.1108
Otsuki, N., Dang, N., Kumagai, E., Kondo, A., Iwata, S., & Morimoto, C. (2010). Aqueous extract of carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.024
Owoyele, B., Adebukola, O., Funmilayo, A., & Soladoye, A. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of carica papaya leaves. Inflammopharmacology, 16(4), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-008-7008-0
Priscilia, C., & Nasuition, H. M. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bakung (Crinum asiaticum L.) Pada Mencit Putih (Mus musculus) : Farmasainkes: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, Dan Kesehatan, 1(2), 124-132
Ramadhona, R., Djamilah, D., & Mukhtasar, M. (2018). Efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya dalam pengendalian kutu daun pada fase vegetatif tanaman terung. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.20.1.1-6
Ramayanti, I. and Febriani, R. (2016). Uji efektivitas larvasida ekstrak daun pepaya (carica papaya linn) terhadap larva aedes aegypti. Syifa Medika Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v6i2.1383
Rohmah, M. and Fickri, D. (2020). Uji aktivitas antiplatelet, antikoagulan, dan trombolitik alkaloid total daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) secara in vitro. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 7(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.7.2.115-125.2020
Santi, T. (2015). Uji toksisitas akut dan efek antiinflamasi ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak n-heksana daun pepaya (carica papaya l). Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(2), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i2.3341
Sepriyani, H. (2020). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol daun pepaya (carica papaya l) dengan metode 2, 2 – diphenyl - 1 – picrylhydrazil (dpph). Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia, 9(1), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.51887/jpfi.v9i1.789
Sim, M., Nauli, H., Khanh, D., & Nicoline, F. (2021). The effectiveness of the combination of nanoparticles from carica papaya l. leaf and chitosan 1% against fibroblasts in the tooth socket of wistar rats.. Biomedical Journal of Indonesia, 7(2), 388-394. https://doi.org/10.32539/bji.v7i2.378
Sudibyo, R.S. 2002. Metabolit Sekunder: Manfaat dan Perkembangannya Dalam Dunia Farmasi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada.
Suketi, K. dan Sujiprihati, S. (2009). Budi Daya Pepaya Unggul. Bogor: Penebar Swadaya Grup. Halaman 5.
Sukmawati, S., Susilawati, Y., & Milanda, T. (2018). Review : aktivitas antihiperglikemik dan hipolipidemik ekstrak pepaya ( carica papaya linn ) terhadap tikus diabetes yang di induksi oleh aloksan dan glibenklamid. Parapemikir Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 7(2), 279. https://doi.org/10.30591/pjif.v7i2.986
Sulayha, S. and Kustiawan, P. (2022). Study of ethnopharmaceutical plants with anti-inflammatory properties in loa lepu village, kutai kartanegara. Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.32672/jse.v7i3.4215
Syah, A., Dianita, P., & Agusta, H. (2022). Efektivitas tanaman pepaya (carica papaya l.) terhadap penyembuhan luka : a narrative review. Jurnal Farmagazine, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.47653/farm.v9i1.540
Tham, C., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., & Alwis, R. (2012). Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of carica papaya extract. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5(2), 648-652. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
Tuntun, M. (2016). Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri escherichia coli dan staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Kesehatan, 7(3), 497. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v7i3.235
Ulfa, N., Kusumo, G., & Zulfa, I. (2019). Anealisis uji pendahuluan aktivitas antikanker ekstrak biji pepaya (carica papaya l) dengan metode bslt. Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 4(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v4i1.122
Utami, A., Sutyarso, S., Wahyuningsih, S., & Nurcahyani, N. (2022). Perbandingan efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (carica papaya l.) dan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (ocimum x africanum lour.) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah mencit (mus musculus l.) hiperglikemia. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 7(2), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.7.2.2022.91-100
Venugopal, J. and Blanco, G. (2017). On the many actions of ouabain: pro-cystogenic effects in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Molecules, 22(5), 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050729
Wahyuni, D. (2015). New bioinsecticide granules toxin from ectract of papaya (carica papaya) seed and leaf modified against aedes aegypti larvae. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23, 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.047
Warisno. 2003. Budidaya Pepaya. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Yang, C., Chang, H., Hsu, H., Lee, Y., Chang, H., Chen, I., & Lee, S. (2017). Identification of anti-viral activity of the cardenolides, na + /k + -atpase inhibitors, against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 332, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.017
Zahara, S. L., Lubis, M. S., Dalimunthe, G. I., & Nasution, H. M. (2022). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera L.) Terhadap bakteri propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Health and Medical Science, 1(2), 157-168.