Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences

A microbiological study of Annona muricata Lim. Folium partitioned extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus.

2025-04-14T11:11:20-07:00

Annona muricata is a plant broadly reported to have various medicinal benefits and has been widely used around the world. The leaves are a part reported to have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial properties of A.muricata leaves partitioned extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The partitioned extract was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of ethanolic extract using N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. An antimicrobial study was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. The result showed that at the highest concentration model used, antimicrobial activity was shown in N-hexane partitioned extract and ethyl acetate partitioned extract. Those properties were known to correlate with some groups of secondary metabolites, including flavonoid, steroid, phenolic, and saponin.

Formulation, Characteristics of Physical Quality, and Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor Value of Transparent Soap with Red Betel Leaf Extract

2025-04-14T11:11:24-07:00

The sun emits ultraviolet radiation and can produce free radicals. If these free radicals continue to come into contact with the skin excessively, they can damage cells and eventually cause cancer. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a substance that protects the skin from ultraviolet rays. The capacity of a product to shield the skin is indicated by its SPF rating. Soap is a type of formulation that individuals frequently utilize. Red betel leaf extract can protect the skin from the harmful effects of free radicals and is expected to increase the soap's ability to protect the skin from exposure to sunlight and maintain skin health. The methods include making transparent soap, testing physical quality, and determining the sun protection coefficient at various red betel leaf ethanol extract concentrations. The result is a transparent black-green soap with a pH of 9, a foam height of 57-65 mm, and a water content of <15%. At a concentration of ethanol extract of 0%, the SPF value is 3, and the SPF values are 7.5 (10%), 12.28 (30 and 50%), 18.2 (70%), and 25 (90%). From this information, it can be inferred that clear soap created with red betel leaf extract possesses excellent physical attributes and effectively protects against sun exposure.

Determination of Rhodamine B Levels in Seasoning Powder Using TLC and HPLC Methods

2025-04-15T06:07:10-07:00

Rhodamine B is a colouring substance in the form of green or reddish-purple crystals, which are odourless and in the form of a bright red solution (fluorescent). Rhodamin B is a colouring substance that can only be used in the textile, paint, paper, or clothing industries, so it cannot be added to food. Rhodamine B is often used as a coloring agent in paper and textiles. This substance is the most dangerous; if consumed, it can cause problems with liver function and liver cancer. The stages of this research include a sample solution, making Rhodamin B standard stock solution, and making a mobile phase. Examination of qualitative analysis using thin layer chromatography and determination of Rhodamine B levels in seasoning performance liquid chromatography method. The results of the research showed that in the qualitative examination, there were two samples containing Rhodamin B. Rhodamin B levels were determined by determining the retention time and calculating Rhodamin B levels using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The result of deciding Rhodamine B levels in the two samples containing Rhodamin B was sample A; 2,8915 mcg/g ,sampel B ; 19,6702 mcg/g Mcg/g. Then, the highest levels of Rhodamin B are found in sample B.

The Potential Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract Combination from Ziziphus mauritiana L., Ocimum basilicum Linn., and Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth Against Staphylococcus Aureus

2025-04-15T07:05:19-07:00

The study of the combination of herbal plant extracts has become the subject of intensive research to increase the effectiveness of antibacterials in the application of traditional medicine utilization. The study of the combination of herbal plant extracts has become the subject of intensive research to increase the effectiveness of antibacterials in the application of traditional medicine utilization. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of the combination of medicinal plant ethanol extracts, namely the combination of bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana L.): suruhan herb (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth); and basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum Linn.):suruhan herb (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This study is an experimental laboratory study with phytochemical testing, microbiological testing using the disc diffusion method, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the inhibitory power of the combination of medicinal plant ethanol extracts, namely the combination of bidara leaves:suruhan herb and basil leaves:suruhan herb, against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the extracts of bidara leaves, basil leaves, and suruhan herbs contain secondary metabolite compounds, namely alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics. The combination of suruhan herb:bidara leaves (HS:DB) and suruhan herb: basil leaves (HS:DK) extracts has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, as indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone in each comparison. The mix of HS:DB and HS:DK extracts is the most effective at killing Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.07 mm for HS:DB and 15.5 mm for HS:DK. The average area of the inhibition zone is half the area of the inhibition zone in the positive control (ciprofloxacin), with an average of 32.70 mm. The results of the one-way ANOVA test continued with the Duncan test, which stated that each single treatment and combination of extracts were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, which showed a P value of 0.05.