Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Ciplukan Leaves (Physalis angulata L) in the Seulawah Agam Geothermal Manifestation Area

2025-03-25T10:31:15-07:00

Ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.) from the Seulawah Agam geothermal manifestation area exhibit strong potential as a natural antioxidant source. This study investigates the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from ciplukan leaves using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The research begins with sample collection and plant determination, followed by phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening results reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method yields an IC₅₀ value of 14.99 μg/mL, significantly lower than the positive control, ascorbic acid (19.40 μg/mL), indicating strong antioxidant activity. At the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL), the extract exhibits an inhibition percentage of 81.84%, while at the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL), it shows an inhibition of 41.41%. These findings confirm that the ethanol extract of ciplukan leaves from the geothermal area possesses high antioxidant content and has great potential for applications in the development of natural-based pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.

Overview the process of planning ond procurement of pharmaceutical requirements at the pharmacy farmarin from an Islamic perspective

2024-01-09T08:45:12-08:00

Medicines are a very important element in health care efforts, therefore the availability of medicines must always be guaranteed. Unsecured availability of medicines, or shortages of medicines in pharmaceutical facilities such as pharmacies, can result in lowering the level of consumer confidence. In an Islamic perspective, the need for medicine is included in maqashid al-dharuriyyat (primary needs) because it is related to preserving life or maintaining the soul (hifdz al-nafs). This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the planning and procurement process at the Farmarin pharmacy is in accordance with pharmaceutical service standards and is in accordance with the Islamic perspective, namely procurement at the Farmarin pharmacy using consumption methods and epidemiological methods and taking into account the halalness of medicines.

Formulation of used tea bags nano powder facial mask and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis

2025-01-03T08:19:33-08:00

The increase in the cosmetic industry has caused a variety of facial mask products to circulate on the market, making it difficult for consumers to find one that suits their skin condition. Masks from well-known brands are easy to get, but some cause skin problems. Since ancient times, Indonesians have used plants as medicines and cosmetic ingredients for skin care. Tea can be processed into new active ingredients such as antioxidants, antibacterials, and anti-aging for cosmetics. Nanoparticle-based cosmetics are superior to micro-scale cosmetics. The objective of the research was to determine whether used tea bag powder meets the characteristic requirements as nanopowder, to determine whether used tea bag nanopowder in facial mask preparations meets the physical quality requirements, and to determine whether used tea bag nano powder facial mask preparations has antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This research method was true experimental with post test only control group design research design. The independent variables are tea bag powder and nanopowder and powder face mask formulation variations. The dependent variables are the characteristics of the simplicia, secondary metabolites, nanopowder characteristics, powder face mask formulation, and antibacterial activity test. The results showed that tea bag powder and nanopowder contained alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin compounds. The inhibitory activity of the used tea bag nano powder mask on Propionibacterium acnes was 11.3 mm on Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was 11.2 mm. The tea bag powder used meets the characteristics of a nanopowder with a particle size of 684 nm. I used a tea bag nanopowder to prepare a face mask that meets the physical quality requirements.

Formulation and physical quality test of effervescent granules from turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

2025-01-06T08:40:02-08:00

Empirically, turmeric tamarind is used to relieve pain and inflammation and ease menstrual cramps. However, conventional herbal preparations are currently less popular, especially among teenagers. Effervescent turmeric tamarind formulations are an innovative, practical pharmaceutical preparation with the advantage of a pleasant taste, which helps disguise the bitter flavor of turmeric. This product also provides a refreshing effect due to the acid-base reaction that produces carbon dioxide (CO2). This study aims to evaluate the physical test of effervescent turmeric tamarind granules. This experimental study formulates three turmeric-tamarind effervescent granule formulas by varying the turmeric extract dosage (Curcuma longa) to 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg. The evaluations performed include organoleptic tests, water content, flow properties and angle of repose, dissolving time, and pH testing. The results showed that turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) can be formulated into effervescent granules—the three formulas with different variations of turmeric extract produced good physical quality test results. Variations in the concentration of turmeric extract did not affect the physical quality of the granules.

The preparation of nanoextract from kasturi orange peel (Citrus microcarpa) and its formulation as toothpaste

2025-01-12T05:39:50-08:00

Dental caries is a common oral health problem among the Indonesian population, and its primary cause is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The peel of the Kasturi orange (Citrus microcarpa) fruit has been known to contain antibacterial properties, which may help prevent the occurrence of dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the toothpaste formulation with the active ingredient of nano-extract from kasturi orange peel (Citrus microcarpa). The extract of Kasturi orange peel was obtained through a maceration method, followed by phytochemical screening that identified the presence of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and essential oils. The extract was then processed into a nano-extract, and its particle size was measured using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with a dynamic light scattering technique. The nano-extract was formulated into toothpaste at concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%, and its antibacterial activity was tested. Physical evaluations showed that the toothpaste maintained its shape, color, odor, and taste during storage, was homogeneous, had a pH within the acceptable range (4.5–10.5), viscosity within the required range (20,000–50,000 cps), and passed organoleptic testing (color, aroma, taste, and texture) on respondents.

Cost-efeectivinees analysisis and blood glucose reduction profile of metformin and glimepirid use of type 2 diabetes melitus patient at RSUD R. Syamsudin, SH

2025-01-12T05:39:52-08:00

Hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion and insulin function is a hallmark of a metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus (DM). The choice of alternative medications for DM varies significantly, making it essential to consider cost to ensure that the selected drug remains affordable while providing the best therapeutic effect. The purpose of this study is to examine the glucose-lowering profile and identify the most cost-effective antidiabetic drug for use in type 2 diabetes patients in the outpatient unit at RSUD R. Syamsudin, SH. Kota Sukabumi. This non-experimental study uses a descriptive design by reviewing the medical records of outpatients from the pharmacy department. Random blood glucose levels and medication costs are the parameters used. The results of the study showed that the use of the antidiabetic drug glimepiride, which is the most cost-effective drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, demonstrated an average blood glucose reduction of 26.92% for patients using metformin and 22.97% for patients using glimepiride.

Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) and its nanoparticles against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria

2025-01-13T08:09:12-08:00

One of the skin diseases that often occurs is acne (Acne vulgaris). Acne is caused by the activity of the Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Current acne treatment still depends on the use of antibiotics, but long-term use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative treatments for acne that are effective and safe, one of which is by using medicinal plants. One plant that has potential is papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.). This research aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (KBM) of ethanol extract and papaya leaf extract nanoparticles as well as testing antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. The research was carried out experimentally. The independent variables are the concentration of papaya leaf extract (6.25% concentration, 12.5% concentration, 25% concentration and 50% concentration), and the concentration of papaya leaf extract nanoparticles (0.625% concentration, 1.25% concentration, 2.5% concentration % and Concentration 5%). The dependent variable is the antibacterial activity of papaya leaf ethanol extract and nanoparticles extract against Cutibacterium acnes. Characterization of the size of the extracted nanoparticles using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The characteristic results for the extract size were 2,203.45 nm while the size of the extract nanoparticles was 330.27 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.25% papaya leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles is better than 12.5% papaya leaf ethanol extract, and the minimum lethal concentration (KBM) value of 5% papaya leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles is better than papaya leaf ethanol extract 50% against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. 5% papaya leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles have the same antibacterial ability as 50% papaya leaf ethanol extract and are sensitive to Cutibacterium acnes bacteria, so it can be said that 5% papaya leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles can reduce the dose concentration of antibacterial compounds up to one-tenth of the time compared to ethanol extract papaya leaves 50% (1:10)

Quantitative analysis of quercetin in tea mistletoe (Scurrula oortiana Dans.)

2025-01-13T08:08:48-08:00

Indonesia has a variety of plants that are useful as medicine. One is the Tea Mistletoe plant (Scurrula oortiana Dans.). This plant contains flavonoid compounds that are effective as antioxidants, especially in the form of quercetin. Quercetin in the tea mistletoe plant can prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, where cells need this antioxidant to avoid the harmful effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and prevent damage to immune cells. This study aims to analyze the levels of quercetin in Tea Mistletoe extract using quantitative analysis methods such as thin-layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Tea Mistletoe powder was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and water bath. The thick extract obtained was then tested for phytochemical screening and specific and non-specific parameters. Analysis of flavonoid quercetin compounds was carried out using a thin layer chromatography method using a mobile phase of a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol with a ratio of 5:4:1 and a stationary phase of Silica Gel GF₂₅₄. Determination of flavonoid levels was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 428 nm. The results of this study indicate that the Mistletoe Tea plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and glycosides. All test parameters meet the specified requirements. The thin layer chromatography test showed the Rf value of the Mistletoe Tea extract of 0.78. The linearity test showed a correlation value (r) = 0.9988 with a total flavonoid compound content of 372.250 mg QE/g extract, or a percentage of 37.225%.

Protein content of soybean tempeh in different primary packaging materials and storage parameters

2025-01-15T07:48:00-08:00

Soybean tempeh products are in great demand by most Indonesian people. The most of producers use plastic as packaging material, but some of them use natural materials such as banana leaves and teak. Soybean tempeh packaged with leaves is more popular with the public than plastic because it has a distinctive aroma and a savory taste. This study aims to determine the differences in protein content in soybean tempeh with different primary packaging materials with raw soybeans as a comparison. The three tempeh packages were produced using raw soybeans and under the same conditions. The protein content of the samples was determined by the Lowry reaction at a wavelength of 748.5 nm. This method has been determined for its validity through repeatability, linearity, and accuracy tests. Together with raw soybeans, samples that had been stored in the freezer were measured for their protein content at two different times. The Lowry method used is valid because all parameters have met the acceptance requirements where r² linearity = 0.9954-0.9972 (> 0.9950); %RSD repeatability = 0.291-0.768 (<2%); and %recovery accuracy = 98.769-101.118% (80-120%). The average results of the protein content of raw soybeans, plastic-packaged soybean tempeh, banana leaves, and teak leaves on the 11^th day were 5.531-7.967% while on the 35^th day it was 5.881-7.972%. The results of the One-Way ANOVA statistical test with sig = 0.0001 (p <0.05) so it can be said that there is a significant difference between soybean tempeh with different primary packaging materials.

Formulation of patch preparations from ethanol extract of laban leaves (Vitex pinnata L.) as an anti-inflammatory

2025-01-28T23:44:07-08:00

Laban leaves (Vitex pinnata L.) contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, which have anti-inflammatory potential. This research aims to formulate laban leaves into an anti-inflammatory patch preparation for the back skin of mice induced by 3% carrageenan. Laban leaf simplicia was extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol, and patch preparations were made with varying extract concentrations of 5, 7.5, and 10%. The patch preparation is tested organoleptic, pH, weight uniformity, patch thickness, patch moisture, patch crease resistance, and irritation. The anti-inflammatory activity of the patch preparation was analyzed using the inflammatory associate edema method, namely measuring the anti-inflammatory effect using a caliper and 25 test animals, which were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control, and treatment group with a concentration of 5; 7.5; and 10% with 5 individuals each. The results of several tests that have been carried out are analyzed using the one-way ANOVA program. The results show the anti-inflammatory activity of laban leaves. There was no difference in the percentage of edema inhibition data on the back skin of mice between treatment groups. This shows that the anti-inflammatory patch preparation of Laban leaf extract (Vitex pinnata L.) has anti-inflammatory activity. The formula that provides the most potent anti-inflammatory activity is a patch preparation with an extract concentration of 10%. With an edema inhibition percentage of 59%.

Evaluation of the implementation of clinical pharmacy services at Kupang City pharmacy based on PERMENKES RI number 73 of 2016

2025-01-31T15:39:12-08:00

Clinical pharmacy services in pharmacies are one of the responsibilities that pharmacists must perform. Some of the clinical pharmacy service activities contained in the applicable pharmaceutical service standards are prescription service assessment, dispensing, Drug Information Services (PIO), Counseling, Drug Therapy Monitoring (PTO), Monitoring Drug Side Effects (MESO). The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in the Kupang City Pharmacy area against the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 73 of 2016. This research method was carried out descriptively with a cross-sectional method. Sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling involving 10 pharmacies that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out using the interview method using an interview guideline sheet. The results showed that the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in 10 pharmacies in the aspect of reviewing prescription services was 100% (in accordance with the SPKA), the dispensing aspect was 100% (in accordance with the SPKA), the Drug Information Service (PIO) aspect was 100% (in accordance with the SPKA), the counseling aspect was 60% (not in accordance with SPKA). The home pharmacy care aspect, the Drug Therapy Monitoring (PTO) aspect and the Monitoring of Drug Side Effects (MESO) aspect was 100% not implemented by all pharmacy. Conclusion pharmacies in Kupang City have not fully implemented clinical pharmacy services based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 73 of 2016.

Determination of total flavonoid content in 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of sambung nyawa Leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry

2025-02-03T08:22:14-08:00

Sambung nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens L.) are a simplicia with various medicinal properties. One of the chemical compounds in sambung nyawa leaves that plays a crucial role in treatment is flavonoids. Flavonoids in sambung nyawa leaves have benefits as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory agents. Different drying methods for simplicia affect the total flavonoid content in the extract.The stages of this research included plant material processing, the preparation of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, characterization tests, phytochemical screening, and the determination of total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of sambung nyawa leaves using visible spectrophotometry. The extracts of sambung nyawa leaves were made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate, and the obtained extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Total flavonoid content was then determined using visible spectrophotometry. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of sambung nyawa leaves revealed the presence of chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract was found to be 6.5149 ± 0.0314 mcg/g of sample, while the ethyl acetate extract had a total flavonoid content of 77.6695 ± 0.1199 mcg/g of sample.

The relationship between maternal knowledge and self-medication management actions in toddlers in Ketapang Dua Village, East Aceh.

2025-02-09T15:54:48-08:00

Introduction: Self-medication is something that is often practiced by the Indonesian community as a way to take care of themselves when they are sick. Taking and consuming medication without advice from a healthcare professional, whether for diagnosis, prescription, or health supervision, is called self-medication. Self-medication can provide significant benefits to the government in maintaining national health if done correctly. Self-medication can assist healthcare professionals, reduce the time spent waiting for a doctor's diagnosis, and save money, especially in developing countries, because healthcare professionals will be more focused on more serious and critical health conditions. Objective: This study aims to determine mothers' knowledge about self-medication for fever and to understand the self-medication actions taken by mothers, as well as to examine the relationship between mothers' knowledge and their self-medication actions for fever in toddlers in Ketapang Dua Village, East Aceh. Method: This study uses a quantitative method of a descriptive-analytical nature with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square test. Data collection was conducted in July 2024. The research population is the knowledge of mothers regarding self-medication management for toddlers in Ketapang Dua Village, East Aceh. The sample of this study consists of 40 respondents. Results: from this study indicate that 35% of mothers have a fairly good level of knowledge about self-medication for fever. Self-medication for fever in toddlers shows that around 47.5% have taken appropriate actions. There is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and self-medication actions for fever in toddlers in Ketapang Dua Village, East Aceh, with a p-value of 0.026 < 0.05. It can be concluded that the presence of maternal knowledge regarding self-medication for fever in toddlers in Ketapang Dua Village, East Aceh, is classified as quite good. The conclusion: of this study is that the frequency distribution of maternal knowledge shows that some have fairly good knowledge, with 14 respondents (35.0%) and respondents with less adequate knowledge amounting to 21 respondents (65.5%). The frequency distribution of fever self-medication actions shows that some mothers provided appropriate self-medication actions, with 19 respondents (47.5%) doing so, while 21 respondents (52.5%) provided less appropriate self-medication actions. There is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and self-medication practices for fever in toddlers in Ketapang Dua village, East Aceh, with a p-value of 0.026 > 0.05.

A Comparison antidiabetic activity of water and ethanol extraction of Muntingia calabura L leaves against male mice

2025-02-09T16:40:07-08:00

Muntingia calabura L is an Indonesian herbal plant known as kersen which has the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. M. Calabura has secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins and polyphenols. This study aimed to compare the antidiabetic activities of water and ethanol extracts of M. calabura in male mice. In this study, M. calabura was extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent (EEMC) and decoction of Kersen leaves (EDMC). Blood glucose levels were measured at intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes using a glucometer after being induced by alloxan induction. Animals were divided into eight groups (positive group, negative group and EEMC group, and EDMC group with doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg BW. The results of the investigation showed that the activity to reduce blood glucose levels during the interval time was significantly different compared to the negative group, and positive control was not significantly different compared to the EEMC 250 mg/kg BW and EDMC 500 mg/kg BW groups. The conclusion of this study was that the EEMC and EDMC groups had decreased blood glucose levels. EEMC 250mg/kg BW and EDMC 500 mg/kg BW groups showed comparable activity to the positive control.

Evaluation of effectiveness of ethanol extract of green amaranth leaves (Amaranthus hybridus L.) as an immunostimulant in male white mice (Mus musculus)

2025-02-09T17:18:33-08:00

The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens, and enhancing its activity through immunostimulants is essential for improving health. This study aims to evaluate the immunostimulatory potential of ethanol extract from green amaranth leaves (Amaranthus hybridus L.) in male white mice (Mus musculus). The ethanol extract green amaranth leaves was prepared from dried green amaranth leaves and tested for its effect on phagocytic activity using the carbon clearance method. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The animals were divided into five groups: negative control (0.5% Na CMC), positive control (Stimuno Forte®), and three experimental groups receiving varying doses of the ethanol extract (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight). The results indicated that the ethanol extract significantly enhanced phagocytic activity, with the most optimal effect observed at 125 mg/kg body weight. The stimulation index increased with higher doses, demonstrating the dose-dependent immunostimulatory effect. The study concludes that the ethanol extract of green amaranth leaves can serve as an effective natural immunostimulant, with the 125 mg/kg body weight dose being the most effective in enhancing immune function in male white mice. These findings suggest the potential of green amaranth as a therapeutic agent for immune-related disorders.

Patient characteristics and rationality of dengue haemorrhagic fever medication use inpatient paediatric patients

2025-02-14T20:02:40-08:00

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease that can affect children. The main principles of DHF treatment are supportive therapy that can reduce mortality to less than 1%, and maintenance of circulating fluid volume. This study aims to determine the distribution of the proportion of DHF patients in children based on age, gender, clinical symptoms and the rationality of the use of DHF drugs in pediatric patients treated at Dr. Pirngadi Medan Hospital. This study was a descriptive nonanalytic study with a case study design. The population data in this study were all medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with DHF who were treated in the period of 2022 at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan. This study concluded that most pediatric DHF patients were female (47.6%), age 0-35 years (42.7%), clinical symptoms of fever (82%), fever duration of 4 days (82.9%). The most common complaints of pediatric DHF disease were fever (100%), vomiting (81%), nausea (75%). In evaluating the rationality of drug use in the correct dose of analgesic and antipyretic paracetamol administration was obtained 100% (correct dose) and the administration of lactated ringer fluid 85.36% (not correct dose).

Formulation of flower ethanol extract lip cream combrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm.) and roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a natural dyeing substance

2025-02-10T06:53:54-08:00

Introduction: The kecombrang flower and roselle flower are known as sources of natural antioxidants and have the potential to be used as natural dyes in lip cream products. Both types of flowers contain compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. The aims of study to analyze the effect of varying concentrations of ethanol extract from the kecombrang flower (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm.) and the roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the color of lip cream formulations. The method of research was conducted through laboratory experiments that included sampling, extract preparation, product formulation, physical quality evaluation, and panelist preference testing. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the percentage of preference levels and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results show that the preparation has a semi-solid texture, with colors ranging from light pink to dark pink in certain combinations, and a purplish pink for the 10% roselle extract formulation. The pH of the preparation is in the range of 5.1-5.4, without coarse grains, good spreadability, an average spread distance of 5.5 cm, an average adhesion time of 12.73 seconds, and no irritation. The cycling test indicates color instability, changing from light pink to dark brownish purple. Based on the hedonic test, formulation F5 has the highest preference level, which is 88.33%. The conclusion of this study is that the ethanol extract of kecombrang and rosella flowers produces a light pink lip cream that is suitable for formulation in lip cream preparations. The higher the concentration of the extract used, the darker the pink color produced, with a texture that tends to be more liquid and a decreasing pH.

Effect of palm leaf extract (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) addition on the viscosity of anti-acne sunscreen cream

2025-02-10T08:59:33-08:00

Introduction: ROS due to sun exposure can damage the skin. Skin structures that are damaged or thinned cause the risk of acne on the skin, one of which is that the skin can be infected with acne-causing bacteria. Palm leaf (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the plants that has good antioxidants and antibacterial. The aim: This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of extracts on the viscosity of anti-acne sunscreen creams. Methods: This study was experimental by conducting a viscosity test of sunscreen preparations using a brokfield viscometer. The results of this study show that Formula F1 (1.5%) has the highest viscosity of 8,970 cPs, followed by F2 (3%) at 7890 cPs, and F3 (4.5%) at 7090 cPs which is included in the good viscosity range. Sunscreen creams have pseudoplastic flow properties. Conclusion: the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the viscosity of the preparation.

Formulation of taro leaf stem juice ointment (Colocasia esculenta L.) schoot for healing cut wounds in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2025-02-10T09:48:58-08:00

Introduction: Taro contains several compounds that can accelerate wound healing, such as flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. These compounds act as natural antibiotics, cleansing wounds with their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Therefore, this plant can aid in the wound healing process. Tannins, on the other hand, have the ability to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding in the wound area, decrease infection, and aid in wound healing during the inflammatory phase. One of the wound healing factors, vitamin C helps strengthen the walls of blood vessels, especially in the injured area, to maintain blood supply there and assist in accelerating collagen synthesis during the wound healing process. Lectin, a substance that can accelerate wound closure by aiding better cell regeneration. Arecaceae plants have many benefits for society, such as being used as a food source by harvesting their tubers, or being used as ornamental plants that beautify yards. Taro is also used as medicine both internally and externally. Almost all parts of the taro plant are processed into medicines, and the tubers, stem bark, and roots are crushed and then applied to the skin to heal wounds or bruises. Objective: This study aims to determine the wound healing effects of the sap from the taro stem (Colocasia esculenta L) Schott on male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Method: This study uses an experimental method, which includes sampling, preparation of taro leaf stem extract with concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, ointment evaluation test, and incision wound healing activity test on white rats grouped into 5 groups, each consisting of 3 rats. Statistical analysis includes one-way ANOVA to see if there is a significant difference between concentrations in the healing of incisional wounds in male white rats. Result: The research conducted shows that F1 (2% concentration) can heal the rats on the 10th day. F2 (4% concentration) the rats healed on the 8th day, F3 (6% concentration) the cut wounds healed on the 7th day, positive control (Betadine ointment) all rats healed on the 7th day. Conclusion: The extract of taro leaf stems (Colocasia esculenta L) Schoot can be formulated into an ointment preparation for the healing of incised wounds in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), with the most effective concentration being 6% because it can heal incised wounds the fastest among the other concentrations.

Assessment of collagen density in second-degree burns of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) treated with melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon L.) extract cream

2025-02-11T06:54:32-08:00

Second-degree burns are complex traumatic conditions requiring optimal tissue healing interventions. This experimental study investigated the impact of Gnetum gnemon L. leaf extract cream on collagen density in burn wounds. The research was conducted using 20 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (silver sulfadiazine), and three treatment groups with varying leaf extract concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%). Burn induction was performed on the right gluteal area using a thermostat at 85°C for 5 seconds. Collagen density was evaluated through histopathological analysis using ImageJ with density scores ranging from 0 to 4. Research results demonstrated significant collagen density increases in treatment groups, with the 10% concentration displaying the highest density (score +4). Significant differences between groups were confirmed by statistical analysis (p<0.05). Findings indicate the potential of Gnetum gnemon L. extract as an alternative therapy for improving burn wound healing through collagen density optimization.

Formulation and Evaluation of Tablets with Corn Cob (Zea mays L.) Additive as a Substitute for HPMC Used for Anti-Diabetes.

2025-02-11T17:32:37-08:00

Corn (Zea mays L) is a food crop that is known and cultivated in developing countries. So far, corn cobs have not been widely used as a value-added product. Corn cobs have 35.5% crude fiber, 2.5% protein, 0.12% calcium, 0.04% phosphorus and the remaining 38.16% of other substances. Corn cobs, which are biomass, contain phenolic phytochemicals which are very likely to be used as active antioxidant ingredients. The choice of method for making tablets is adjusted to the characteristics of the active substance used. In this research, the method used in making metformin HCl tablets was wet granulation. Wet granulation is the process of adding liquid to a powder or powder mixture in a container equipped with stirring which will produce agglomeration or granules. The evaluation results of corn cob additive granules as a substitute for HPMC showed the results of the flow time test (F1 1.5 seconds, F2 1.4 seconds F3 1.63 seconds), F1 angle of repose test (34.96 o, F2 41, 43 o, F3 41.92 o), humidity test (F1 1.794 %, F2 1.999 %, F3 2.331 %) and compressibility test (F1 11 %, F2 15%, F3 8%). The results of the evaluation of antalgin tablets using corn cobs as a substitute for HPMC showed visual test results where the tablets were round and white in color, the weight uniformity test showed results (F1 A (5%) 708.7-783.3 and column B (10% ) 671.4-820.6, F2 A (5%) 562.775– 705.75 and column B (10%) 571.05-698.6, F3 688.75– 761.25 and column B (10%) 625.5-797.5), size uniformity test shows results (F1 diameter 1.3545 and thickness 0.4705, F2 diameter 1.359 and thickness 0.468, F3 diameter 1.36 and thickness 0.471), fragility test shows results (F1 0 .06978367 %, F2 0.53272451 %, F3 0.06978367 %) and tablet hardness showed results (F1 6.764, F2 4.984, F3 7.89) and disintegration time test showed results (F1 2 minutes, F2 2 minutes, F3 2 minute).

The Effectiveness of melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon L.) extract cream on the number of fibroblast cells in the second degree burn (deep partial thickness) of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2025-01-12T23:17:46-08:00

Burn wound is an injury that causes tissue damage, typically due to contact with a heat source. Fibroblasts have an important role in wound healing, synthesizing collagen as the main constituent of the extracellular matrix which is important in wound integrity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cream of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) leaf extract on the number of fibroblast cells in deep partial thickness burn in white rats (Rattus novegicus). Twenty male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five treatment groups, with four replications in each group, and were induced with in deep partial thickness burn. The negative control group (K-) was treated with cream base, the positive control group (K+) was treated with Silver Sulfadiazine, while P1, P2, and P3 group was treated with respectively 2.5, 5 and 10% melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) leaf extract cream. Therapy was given twice a day for 14 days. Oneway ANOVA showed significant differences between each treatment group (p <0.05) and continued with the Duncan test. The average number of fibroblasts in each treatment group showed that the K- were significantly different from the K+, P2, P3 groups but not P1. The lowest mean number of fibroblast cells was found in the K- group. The conclusion from the research that has been carried out was that melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) leaf extract cream decrease the number of fibroblast cells in second-degree burns wounds in white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Formulation of antibacterial hand cream based on chitosan and leaves of putri malu extract (Mimosa pudica L.)

2025-02-21T06:19:47-08:00

CoronaVirus Disease 2019 is a respiratory disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is transmitted through the air and droplets of fluid. One of the health protocols recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is washing hands. Hand-washing activities have limitations because not all places provide them, so the alternative that has been circulating in the community is hand sanitiser. However, the alcohol content and synthetic antibacterials cause dry and irritated skin. The purpose of this study was to create an antibacterial hand cream from putri malu leaf as a utilization of wild plants. Putri malu leaf extract and chitosan were made in the form of nanoparticles, and then an evaluation of the physical characteristics of the hand cream preparation was carried out in the form of pH, organoleptic, homogeneity, and stability observed for 14 days. The antibacterial activity of putri malu leaf extract and hand cream was tested against S. aureus and E. coli. The particle size obtained was 1529.5 ± 42.5 nm. The results of the physical characteristics obtained were pH 6.15; dark orange, odourless, stable at room temperature, and high homogeneity. Antibacterial testing of putri malu leaf extract against S. aureus produced an inhibition zone of 10.27 mm at a concentration of 25% and antibacterial hand cream produced inhibition zones of 23.18 mm and 12.22 mm with an extract concentration of 10% so both are classified as strong antibacterials that are effective against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.

Formulation of a combined liniment of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) and peppermint leaf essential oil (Menthae piperitae L.) as aromatherapy

2025-02-14T20:02:50-08:00

Pendahuluan: Minyak atsiri dapat digunakan dalam penggunaan obat luar, seperti lulur, minyak pijat, lotion, pengharum ruangan dan sebagainya. Minyak atsiri dapat digunakan secara langsung. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi minyak atsiri Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) dan daun peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan liniment sebagai aromaterapi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental yaitu untuk mengetahui suatu gejala atau pengaruh yang timbul sebagai akibat dari adanya perlakuan tertentu, meliputi penyiapan sampel, formulasi sediaan, evaluasi terhadap mutu fisik sediaan seperti uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji iritasi dan uji kesukaan (hedonik). Hasil: dari penelitian ini menunjukkan Pemeriksaan organoleptis sediaan liniment dari minyak atsiri jahe Merah dan daun Peppermint berbentuk cairan jernih, beraroma jahe merah dan mint, berwarna kuning. Sediaan homogen dan sesuai syarat pH yang baik. Tidak menimbulkan iritasi. Konsentrasi terbaik yang digunakan dalam pembuatan formulasi sediaan liniment kombinasi minyak atsiri Jahe Merah dan minyak atsiri daun peppermint aromaterapi adalah (20% : 20%) kerena memiliki aroma dan rasa yang nyaman terhadap panelis.. Kesimpulan: menunjukkan Minyak atsiri Jahe Merah kombinasi daun peppermint dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan liniment sebagai aromaterapi dengan Konsentrasi terbaik yaitu F3 (20% : 20%).

Overview of patient safety culture at Izza Karawang hospital in 2024

2025-01-13T22:10:51-08:00

This study was conducted to describe the patient safety environment developed by Izza Hospital, Karawang, using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) instrument developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The research method used a quantitative descriptive design with a survey approach, involving 326 respondents from medical and non-medical personnel who were directly related to patient care. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, and data were analyzed using univariate analysis for the frequency distribution of the 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. The findings showed that most respondents were nurses (62.9%) with 1-5 years of service (38%) and working hours >40 hours per week (64%). The assessment of the work unit showed the majority in the “good” category (56%), while the most patient safety reports were 1-2 reports per year (35%). Most indicators of patient safety culture showed positive responses, such as teamwork (97%) and open communication (66-81%). However, there were challenges in indicators such as response to errors and staff courage to ask critical questions. In conclusion, the patient safety culture at Izza Hospital is in the “good” category but needs specific improvements in certain dimensions to support more optimal patient safety. These results provide insights for the hospital in formulating strategies for continuous improvement of patient safety culture.

Test of antidiabetic effectiveness of nano herbal and ethanol extract of toppaspara leaves (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) on male white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin

2025-02-18T06:34:06-08:00

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The use of natural ingredients as a treatment option for diabetes mellitus can be developed as an alternative treatment, one of which is the toppaspara plant (Mikania micrantha Kunth.). The very small particle size in nano form is used to increase antidiabetic activity. Toppaspara leaves (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) have been empirically used as an antidiabetic, but this has not been scientifically proven. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of nanoherbal and ethanol extract of toppaspara leaves. This research was carried out experimentally, including the manufacture of simplicia, characterisation of simplicia, characterisation of nanoherbals and testing of antidiabetic effectiveness. Male white mice were induced with 2.5% streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Administration of 0.5% CMC suspension, nanoherbal and ethanol extract of toppaspara leaves at 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, metformin 45 mg/kgBB. The number of decreases in blood glucose levels is calculated; from the number of decreases in blood glucose levels, the percentage decrease in blood glucose levels is calculated. This analysis test uses One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The results of phytochemical screening of fresh leaves, simplicia ethanol extract and nano herbal toppaspara leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and glycosides. The results of the One Way ANOVA test and the Tukey test showed that nanoherbal 100 mg/kgBW and ethanol extract of toppaspara leaves 200 mg/kgBW were the best as antidiabetics and were not significantly different from metformin 45 mg/kgBW as a comparison.

The effectiveness of Gracilaria sp. ethanol extract spray preparation as a repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2025-02-20T01:23:22-08:00

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or commonly known as DHF is a disease that is transmitted through the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which carry the Dengue virus so that it can cause Extraordinary Events (KLB). Prevention of dengue fever is generally carried out using refills containing the chemical DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) which is dangerous for the skin. Gracilaria sp. It is known to contain compounds that are toxic to mosquitoes, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. This research aims to see the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent for Ae. aegypti, Effective Concentration 50% (EC50), irritating effects, and physical properties of the ethanol extract spray preparation of Gracilaria sp. The research was carried out with methodology in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation (WHOPES) using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The protective power provided by the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. analyzed using Oneway ANOVA, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Probit analysis was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract concentration of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent. The research results show that concentration levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% provide protective power capabilities of 14.40%, 31.81%, 47.76%, and 61.17% respectively with an EC50 value of 18.86%. The spray is homogeneous and does not cause skin irritation. Conclusion, spray preparations containing ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. potential as a repellent for Ae. aegypti. Using this repellent can help reduce the risk of dengue fever which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent with a concentration above 20% and an irritation test was carried out on > 10 probands for > 15 minutes by spraying the preparation repeatedly.

Formulation of orally disintegrating tablets from cauliflower powder (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) with variations of tapai juice concentration as disintegrant

2025-02-20T01:23:19-08:00

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) has a nutritional content consisting of calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and low saturated fat. It has vitamin C, which helps increase body immunity. Orally Disintegrating Tablet preparations can dissolve quickly when placed on the tongue, formulated for ease of use of drugs for patients who have difficulty swallowing. Therefore, disintegrants are very important in ODT preparations. Tapai extract has a sweet, slightly sour taste and disintegrates immediately when placed on the tongue. This research aimed to determine whether cauliflower powder with tapai extract disintegrants can be formulated into ODT preparations and which formulation is the best. This research included characterization of simplicia, making pre-formulation by mixing all ingredients, evaluating pre-formulation, and tablet printing by direct compression method. Then, the tablet evaluation was carried out. The disintegrant was tapai extract with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% concentrations. Data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA method. The results of the formulation evaluation, the flow time test obtained <10 seconds, which is easy to flow; the angle of repose test obtained 26˚, the category is very good; and the compressibility test obtained 18-20%, which is quite good. The results of the tablet evaluation in the organoleptic test obtained round tablets, sweet taste, brownish-white color, and distinctive odor. The weight uniformity test on all formulas did not have any deviating weights; the size uniformity test met the requirements, the hardness test obtained 1-3 kg, the friability test obtained 0.4-0.7%, the petri dish disintegration time test obtained 44.07-52.48 seconds, and the mouth disintegration time test obtained 53.07-57.78 seconds and the wetting time test obtained 53.21-54.87 seconds. The best formula is formula 3, with a 10% tapai extract concentration.

Study on the utilization of jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) bark extract as a herbal-based alternative hair dye

2025-02-22T06:01:13-08:00

Hair dye is a cosmetic product used to restore or alter hair colour. Research on herbal-based hair dyes has expanded with the growing interest in natural ingredients. The bark of the jamblang tree (Syzygium cumini L.), which produces a black pigment, has long been utilised in various crafts. This potential makes it a candidate for natural hair dye. This study examines the use of ethanol extract from jamblang bark in the formulation of herbal hair dye and its effectiveness in producing a black colour. The research aims to investigate the utilization of ethanol extract from jamblang bark (Syzygium cumini L.) as an herbal hair dye. The focus is on evaluating the extract's effectiveness in a formulation with pyrogallol, copper (II) sulfate, and xanthan gum, as well as determining the optimal concentration to achieve black hair colour. The method for preparing the hair dye formulation involved the use of ethanol extract from jamblang bark in varying concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 9.5%, and 11.5%, with the addition of 2% each of pyrogallol, copper (II) sulfate, and xanthan gum. Distilled water was used as the solvent. The dyeing process was conducted by immersing 200 strands of grey hair in preparation for 4 hours, followed by visual observation of colour changes. Colour stability was tested through 15 wash cycles and exposure to sunlight for 5 hours. An irritation test was also conducted on volunteers to evaluate the safety of the hair dye preparation. The study's results indicate that increasing the concentration of ethanol extract from jamblang bark affects the effectiveness of hair dyeing. The optimal formulation was achieved at a 7.5% extract concentration with the addition of 2% pyrogallol, 2% copper (II) sulfate, and 2% xanthan gum, which resulted in black colour. Stability tests showed that the colour remained unchanged after 15 wash cycles and 5 hours of sunlight exposure. Furthermore, the irritation test on volunteers demonstrated that the preparation did not cause skin irritation reactions. Thus, the ethanol extract of jamblang bark has the potential to serve as a safe natural hair dye, offering good colour stability and effectiveness in darkening grey hair.

Docking analysis of meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri L.) against acetylcholinesterase inhibition in alzheimer's disease

2025-02-26T09:43:03-08:00

Meniran plants (Phyllanthus niruri L.) are plants of the Phyllanthus genus. It is known that Phyllanthus genus plants contain astragaline, phyllanthine, hypopyllanthin compounds. Which is a flavonoid derivative that can function as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase enzyme against Alzheimer's disease. Based on the results of molecular docking, astragaline compounds have the best binding affinity compared to other compounds, namely -8.4 kcal/mol while the nativ ligand is -5.8 or in other words astragaline compounds derived from meniran plants (Phyllanthus niruri L.) can react when the drug binds to the target receptor in Alzheimer's disease. This type of research aims to determine the potential of compounds from the meniran plant (Phylanthus niruri L.) by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. This study used molecular docking method with autodock vina program and visualized with discovery studio program. The conclusion of the study can be seen from the results of docking visualization which shows the form of hydrogen conventional that dominates the hydropobic bond. The interaction that occurs on the active side of the protein indicates that the compound has the ability. In other words, the compound can react as a drug when it binds to the target receptor in Alzheimer's disease.

Paper soap formulation of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) ethanol extract and testing for antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2024-03-31T19:40:18-07:00

Paper soap is soap in the form of thin sheets resembling paper. Rice bran from rice milling waste contains antibacterial compounds. The aim of this research was to formulate paper soap from rice bran ethanol extract and to determine its antibacterial activity. This research is a type of experimental research carried out in a laboratory. Includes steps such as taking and identifying samples, preparing and making ethanol extract of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.), and testing antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli using the Disc Disc method, where the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract of rice bran and the paper soap preparation is containing rice bran extract (Oryza sativa L.) was observed and measured as a result of the antibacterial activity test. The results of this research show that the ethanol extract of rice bran contains chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids/steroids and glycosides. Rice bran ethanol extract has characteristics in accordance with the 1989 MMI requirements. The results of determining the antibacterial activity of rice bran ethanol extract produce an inhibition zone against Escherechia coli bacteria ranging from 5mm - 12.5mm and Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 5.5 mm-16.67 mm. The results of the paper soap evaluation test, organoleptic examination, thickness examination, weight uniformity test, stability test, foam power test met the requirements and in the irritation tests F0, F1, F2 and F3 did not irritate the skin, in the hedonic test the most preferred formula was F1. The results of determining the antibacterial activity of paper soap produced an inhibition zone for Escherechia coli bacteria ranging from 8.16mm - 12.5mm and Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 15mm-14.83mm. From the research results it can be concluded that rice bran ethanol extract can be formulated into paper soap and has antibacterial activity.

Overview of Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients at a Community Health Center in West Semarang, Central Java

2024-08-04T09:40:20-07:00

Introduction: Hypertension is a medical condition characterised by blood pressure that is higher than usual and persistent. Based on previous studies, it was found that the low level of compliance in taking medication was related to a decrease in the quality of life for hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the compliance of hypertensive patients with taking medicines at one of the West Semarang Community Health Centres, Central Java. Methods: Analytic descriptive research. This type of research is observational with cross-sectional techniques, with respondents being hypertensive patients at one of the Puskesmas in West Semarang, Central Java, in 2023. Data analysis was conducted by looking at whether or not drug compliance affected patient characteristics using the chi-square Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) test. Results: female gender is higher than male, age 36 years to 45 years and 56 years to 65 years have high adherence, diploma and undergraduate education have high adherence values, occupation of housewives and civil servants / TNI / POLRI have high adherence to taking medication and long suffering above 2 years of moderate drug compliance, hypertension therapy with 2 to 3 drugs moderate adherence rather than one drug, other disease characteristics are equally high in adherence.Conclusion: Adherence to the use of antihypertensive medications in one Puskesmas in West Semarang, Central Java, was in the high and medium categories. Men have a moderate adherence category, and women have a high adherence category.

Evaluation of the suitability of drug storage in the Ngesrep health center pharmacy warehouse based on pharmaceutical standards and Islamic Sharia

2025-03-01T08:39:35-08:00

Pharmaceutical services are direct services and communication to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations to achieve definite results and improve patients' quality of life. Drug storage is the activity of storing and maintaining by placing received drugs in a place that is considered safe from theft and physical disturbances that can damage the quality of the drug. If there is an error in storing the drug, it will decrease the drug content and result in losses to the Health Center. This study was conducted to distribute the storage of pharmaceutical preparations in the Ngesrep Health Center pharmacy installation warehouse. This study is a type of non-experimental research, namely descriptive research conducted through observation and interviews related to storing pharmaceutical preparations through evaluation based on Permenkes Number 74 of 2016 and the Directorate General of Pharmacy and Medical Devices and analysis of drug storage indicators. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the suitability of the spatial storage requirements at the Ngesrep Health Center in 2024 was 90.74%, with excellent information.

Comparative study of the fatty acid profiles of catfish oil and keting fish oil through purification with bentonite

2025-03-02T05:53:13-08:00

In general, fish have high omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acid content and are beneficial for health. This makes fish oil develop into a food supplement. Increasing the amount of free fatty acids in oil can potentially reduce the quality and damage of fish oil. Adsorbents have bleaching properties that can affect color changes in fish oil and fish oil content. This study aims to determine the effect of bentonite adsorbent treatment on the fatty acid profile of catfish oil and keting fish oil analyzed using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Catfish oil (CFO) and Keting fish oil (KFO) samples were extracted without using organic solvents and then treated with bentonite as an adsorbent. The extracted oil was derivatized and then injected into the GC-MS instrument system. There were 29 types of fatty acids detected in each sample, namely 12 types of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 8 types of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 9 types of double unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The effect of purification with bentonite was analyzed using One-way ANOVA from Minitab19 software showing that there were differences in the content of fatty acid profiles of CFO and KFO that were purified and not purified with bentonite, shown in each category of fatty acids SFA, MUFA and PUFA which had a p value <0.05.

Optimization of formulation and physical test of toner preparation from lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia l.) as anti-acne

2024-04-01T02:37:06-07:00

Lavender is a light lavender-colored flower, has a distinctive and delicate smell, and has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antidepressant, and can reduce acne. The purpose of this study is to make a toner preparation formulation from lavender essential oil as an anti-acne with variations in glycerin and propylene glycol concentrations so that an optimal formula is produced. The method used in this study is Simplex Lattice Design. The physical tests of toner preparations carried out include organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dry time, and displaced volume. The response from the physical evaluation was processed to obtain the optimal formula. The results of the physical test of the optimum preparation were then analyzed using the One Sample T-Test with the SPSS application. Formula optimization yielded a concentration of 10% glycerin and 7% propylenglycol. The optimal preparation of lavender toner is clear white with a distinctive lavender smell and liquid form, a homogeneous preparation, a pH value of 6.17, a drying time of 1.12 minutes, and a transferred volume of 98 ml so that the optimal preparation of lavender toner meets the requirements of a good toner. The results of the One Sample T-Test analysis showed no difference.

Characteristics and antibacterial activity of cengkeh leaf essential oil from cluwak region against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria ATCC 25923

2024-04-03T21:15:51-07:00

Essential oil is a potential wealth of Indonesia's natural resources as a raw material for medicines and cosmetics. Cengkeh leaf essential oil contains the main component of eugenol as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of cengkeh leaf essential oil from Cluwak region against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria. Cengkeh leaf essential oil was distilled by water vapor distillation method. Characterization of essential oil was performed on refractive index, optical rotation, and compound component analysis by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was tested by the well diffusion method to obtain the diameter of inhibition at each concentration. Cengkeh leaf essential oil has a refractive index of 1.5303 and an optical rotation of 0.55. Analysis of the main components of the essential oil contains 7 main compound components with the highest compound m-eugenol. The diameter values of inhibition in antibacterial activity with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 40% were 9.44 mm, 11.48 mm, and 12.37 mm, respectively. The characteristics of the essential oil are in accordance with the standard and the antibacterial activity is categorized as weak inhibition.

Improving the Quality of Pharmaceutical Services: Evaluation of Drug Storage System Based on Pharmaceutical Standards and Islamic Sharia Principles at Puskesmas Tlogosari Wetan Semarang

2025-03-02T08:23:15-08:00

Pharmaceutical Services are direct pharmaceutical service activities to patients related to the provision of medicines with the aim of obtaining clear results in order to improve the quality of patients. Pharmaceutical service standards are a benchmark used as a guideline for pharmacists in implementing pharmaceutical services. Tlogosari Wetan Health Center, Semarang City is a parent health center that has 3 auxiliary health centers, including: Kekancan Mukti Health Center, Pedurungan Kidul Health Center, and Plamongansari Health Center. This study aims to evaluate the storage of pharmaceutical preparations Based on Pharmaceutical Service Standards at Tlogosari Wetan Health Center and Based on Islamic Sharia Principles. This study is descriptive using data collection techniques, namely interviews, observations, and documentation.

Formulation Optimization of Tomato Seed Oil (Solanum lycopersicum) Cleansing Balm by Simplex Lattice Design: Physical Characteristics and Anti-Aging Effects

2025-03-02T10:19:44-08:00

This study aims to optimize the formulation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seed oil-based cleansing balm with a Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) approach and evaluate its physical characteristics for facial cleansing and potential anti-aging effects. The research method used was formulation with the main component variables of shea butter, beeswax, caprylic/capric triglycerides, and tween 20, which were analyzed using SLD to obtain the optimal combination. The optimization results showed that the formulation with concentrations of shea butter (4.97996 %), beeswax (1.88189 %), caprylic/capric triglycerides (42.1382 %), and tween 20 (1 %) provided a good quality preparation with a semi-solid texture, typical beeswax aroma, and bone white color. The physical characteristics of the product, such as melting temperature stabilized at 38.67 °C ± 0.58, spreadability of 5.43 cm ± 0.12, and pH of 5.03 ± 0.06, showed that the product was safe and ideal for the skin. The product stability test for seven days of storage showed no significant changes in melting temperature and spreadability, although there was a slight increase in pH. In addition, the product showed good antioxidant activity with 46.51% free radical inhibition and an IC₅₀ value of 21.46 ppm, indicating potential protection against oxidative stress-induced skin damage. In conclusion, the tomato seed oil cleansing balm optimized through SLD has stable, safe, and effective performance as a skincare product with anti-aging benefits.

The Impact of Sharia Value-Based Service Quality at Karya Sehat Pharmacy Purwokerto on Consumer Satisfaction

2025-03-02T12:33:00-08:00

Sharia-based services can improve consumer satisfaction. The four main principles of Islamic teachings on service are Rabbaniyyah, service, Waqi'iyyah, and Insaniyyah. The high and low quality of service can be determined by consumer behavior, namely Rabbaniyyah, Akhlaqiyyah, Waqi'iyyah, and Insaniyyah. The high and low quality of service can be determined by consumer behavior. The purpose is to determine how the quality of sharia-based services influences customer behavior. This research method is a cross-sectional design that is included in descriptive observation. The results showed that sharia-compliant pharmaceutical services positively impact customer satisfaction, as the significant value exceeds a t-value of 0.05. In conclusion, the quality of sharia-based services affects customer satisfaction.

Hepatoprotective potential of Euphorbia heterophylla l. leaf extract in reducing bilirubin levels in wistar rats induced with INH and rifampicin

2025-03-04T07:44:36-08:00

Hepatitis is a liver damage disorder characterized by inflammation caused by various factors, one of which is medication use. Liver damage due to medication, or drug-induced liver injury (DILI), has a relatively high prevalence. Isoniazid (INH) + Rifampicin is a combination of drugs that poses a risk of DILI by causing liver damage. One parameter for assessing liver damage is through the measurement of total serum bilirubin levels. Katemas herb (Euphorbia heterophylla L) is a plant known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with strong antioxidant properties. The high incidence of liver damage due to drug-induced liver injury (DILI) necessitates the exploration of alternative therapies to manage liver disorders. Katemas is a wild grass that grows abundantly but remains underutilized.The objective of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of katemas herb leaves. The method used in this research involves maceration to obtain extracts, with ethanol 96% as the solvent. Testing was conducted on five groups of rats, with total serum bilirubin levels measured across all groups. All groups were induced using INH and RMP. The results showed that Groups III and IV, which were the dose variation groups, exhibited hepatoprotective activity. Group V, which received the highest dose of 200 mg/kg BW, demonstrated the greatest reduction in total bilirubin levels, with the largest mean decrease (-0.226) and a small standard deviation (±0.043).

Determination of total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate of senggani leaves (Melastoma candidum D.Don) by visibel spectrophotometry

2025-03-04T12:53:24-08:00

Medicinal plants are natural sources that have antioxidant activity, characterized by the content of phenolic and flavonoid components in reducing free radicals which depends on the number of hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure. One of the plants that contain flavonoid compounds which have antioxidant activity is senggani leaves (Melastoma candidum D.Don). This research aimed to determine the chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, to determine the total flavonoid value of the ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction and to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction. The stages of this research include processing plant materials, making ethanol extract, making ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction, characterization examination, phytochemical screening, and determining the total flavonoid content of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction of senggani leaves using Visible and Spectrophotometric methods. Determination of the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction using different techniques, namely DPPH with ABTS. The results of phytochemical screening on simplicia powder and ethanol extract contained chemical compound groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and glycosides. The results of determining the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of senggani leaves were 44.7805 ± 0.176606439 mgQE/g; In the ethyl acetate fraction, it was 48.421 ± 0 mgQE/g, and in the n-hexane fraction it was 31.491 ± 0.091844121 mgQE/g. The results of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method obtained an IC₅₀ value for the ethanol extract of 12.51 (μg/ml); in the ethyl acetate fraction of 9.42 (μg/ml); in the n-hexane fraction, it was 40.45 (μg/ml), and in the vitamin C standard it was 4.32 (μg/ml). Antioxidant results using the ABTS method obtained an IC₅₀ value for the ethanol extract of 8.21(μg/ml); in the ethyl acetate fraction of 5.93(μg/ml); in the n-hexane fraction, it was 23.35(μg/ml), and in the vitamin C odor it was 2.65(μg/ml).

Determination of flavonoid levels of raru bark methanol extract (Cotylelobium lanceolatum Craib) on variations in solvent concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method

2025-03-10T11:56:56-07:00

The use of plant-based traditional medicine remains a common practice in developing countries, with more than 80% of the population relying on it for healthcare and treatment. In Indonesia, natural medicines continue to be a primary choice for public health, aligning with local traditions and cultural practices. One such medicinal plant is raru bark, which possesses various pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, astringent, antilaxative, antibacterial, antiseptic, antidiarrheal, and blood-clotting properties. This study aims to characterize the methanol extract of raru bark and determine its flavonoid content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The research stages included plant material processing, methanol extraction, characterization tests, macroscopic and microscopic examinations, phytochemical screening, and flavonoid quantification. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanol extract of raru bark contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. Characterization tests showed that all evaluated parameters met the required standards. Flavonoid quantification was performed by determining the maximum wavelength of quercetin using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at different solvent concentrations. The results indicated that the total flavonoid content at a 96% solvent concentration was 1.625 ± 0.153 mgQE/g, at 70% was 1.318 ± 0.003 mgQE/g, and at 50% was 1.146 ± 0.006 mgQE/g.

Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum killing concentrations of matoa leaf (Pometia pinnata) ethanol extract and nanoparticles against Cutibacterium acnes

2025-03-11T06:51:14-07:00

Infectious diseases are caused by the entry and proliferation of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. These diseases occur when microbial interactions lead to host tissue damage, resulting in various clinical symptoms and signs. This study aimed to formulate nanoparticles of ethanol extract from matoa leaves and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, as well as evaluate the antibacterial activity of both the extract and its nanoparticles against Cutibacterium acnes. This research was conducted experimentally. The independent variables were the concentrations of matoa leaf extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%) and matoa leaf extract nanoparticles (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%). The dependent variable was the antibacterial activity of both formulations against Escherichia coli and Cutibacterium acnes. Nanoparticle size characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), yielding an average size of 528.95 nm. The MIC values for C. acnes were 12.5% for the extract and 1.25% for the nanoparticles, while the MBC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity of matoa leaf ethanol extract against C. acnes was observed at a concentration of 50% (inhibition zone: 27.86 mm), whereas the nanoparticles exhibited a maximum inhibition zone of 26.53 mm at a 5% concentration. These findings indicate that matoa leaf extract nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial activity against C. acnes at lower concentrations compared to the crude extract, suggesting their potential as an effective antibacterial agent.

Analysis of Waiting Time in Prescription Services for Outpatients in the Pharmacy Installation of dr. Hadrianus Sinaga Pangururan Regional Hospital in 2023

2025-03-12T20:04:57-07:00

Quality of health services is one approach or effort that is fundamental in providing health services to patients. As a professional person in the field of health services, both individually and in groups, you must always try to provide good quality health services to all patients, Without exception. One of the most essential parts of a hospital is the pharmacy installation. Pharmacy installations are an inseparable part of a complete hospital health service system. The pharmacy installation is responsible for procuring and presenting drug information to all parties in the hospital and developing extensive and well-coordinated pharmaceutical services to meet and provide good service to patients. Servicing old prescriptions to outpatients in the pharmacy installation can cause patient dissatisfaction, impacting the quality of service and hospital. This makes researchers interested in analyzing the waiting time in prescription services for outpatients in the pharmacy installation at RSUD dr. Hadrianus Sinaga Pangururan in 2023. Research Focus on Waiting Times for Prescription Services for Outpatients at the Pharmacy Installation at RSUD dr. Hadrianus Sinaga Pangururan in 2023. The research subfocus is: What is the flow of patient prescription services, what causes the lengthening of waiting times for patient prescription services, and what is the impact of extending waiting times for outpatient prescription services at the pharmacy installation at RSUD Dr. Hadrianus Sinaga Pangururan? Type of Research: This research is survey research using a qualitative approach and an in-depth interview method. Research Location: This research was carried out at RSUD dr. Hadrianus Sinaga Pangururan. Based on the research results on analyzing waiting times for outpatient services at the pharmacy installation at RSU dr. Hadrianus Sinaga In 2023, the results can be taken: The lengthening of waiting times that occurs in Outpatient Pharmacy Installations due to the availability of medicines that often happen in vacancies. The extended waiting time occurs in the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation because writing labels takes a long time. The extended waiting time at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation is due to taking one month's prescription, which must go through the verification stage. The impact of extending the waiting time in the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation is that patients' dissatisfaction is indicated by protesting and getting angry. The effect of lengthening waiting times in Outpatient Pharmacy Installations due to the unavailability of medicines causes patient management to be hampered.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Health Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction in the Outpatient Department of Tarutung Regional Public Hospital in 2023

2025-03-13T12:21:50-07:00

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the quality of healthcare services and patient satisfaction at the Outpatient Installation of Tarutung Regional General Hospital in 2023. The research employed a cross-sectional design, focusing on five dimensions of service quality: tangible (facilities), reliability, responsiveness, assurance (quality assurance), and empathy. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 96 outpatients from September 2023 to February 2024. The results indicate excellent overall service quality at the Outpatient Installation of Tarutung Regional General Hospital. However, certain dimensions require improvement, such as responsiveness (10.5% rated as poor), assurance (6.10%), tangible (6.30%), empathy (5.20%), and reliability (9.40%). While 72.9% of patients expressed satisfaction, 27.1% reported dissatisfaction. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between healthcare service quality and patient satisfaction (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of enhancing service quality, particularly in the underperforming dimensions, to improve patient satisfaction. This study provides practical contributions for hospital management in designing strategies to improve the quality of service.

Analysis of Adherence to Tuberculosis Drug Use in Pulmonary TB Patients at UPT Pulmonary Hospital of North Sumatra in 2023

2025-03-14T07:11:33-07:00

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a pressing global health issue, with high incidence and mortality rates. Treatment adherence is a key factor in the success of TB therapy. This study analyzes the factors influencing adherence to TB medication among pulmonary TB patients at UPT Lung Hospital of North Sumatra. The study employed a cross-sectional design with an analytical survey approach. The research sample consisted of 120 pulmonary TB patients undergoing treatment. Data were collected through questionnaires, medical records, and secondary sources and analyzed using the Chi-Square test and logistic regression. The results showed that education level (p-value = 0.03), employment status (p-value = 0.03), knowledge level (p-value = 0.00), and family support (p-value = 0.05) had a significant relationship with adherence to TB medication. Meanwhile, age (p-value = 0.91) and gender (p-value = 0.59) did not show a meaningful relationship. Multivariate analysis identified knowledge and family support as the dominant factors influencing adherence. These findings suggest that education-based interventions and enhanced family support can improve TB treatment adherence. This study recommends developing public health programs to empower patients and their families in TB control efforts.

Determinants of Compliance in Taking Tuberculosis Medication at Garoga Health Center, Garoga District, North Tapanuli Regency in 2023

2025-03-14T09:27:25-07:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and transmitted through airborne droplets. As a global health concern, TB requires long-term treatment adherence to ensure successful outcomes. This study aimed to identify determinants of medication compliance among TB patients at the UPT Garoga Community Health Center, North Tapanuli Regency, in 2023. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 42 patients through interviews and medical records. Variables analyzed included age, gender, education, occupation, knowledge, the role of health workers, and medication supervisors (PMO). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess relationships between these factors and medication compliance. Results indicated significant associations between compliance and age (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.006), education (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.002), the role of health workers (p = 0.001), and PMO support (p = 0.002). However, no significant relationship was found between occupation and compliance (p = 0.036). These findings highlight the importance of patient education, health worker involvement, and family support in improving TB treatment adherence. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address these determinants and enhance treatment outcomes in TB patients.

Antioxidant activity and toxicity test of yellow wood extract (Arcangelisia flava (L. Merr))

2025-03-15T09:42:47-07:00

Currently, people are beginning to shift towards traditional medicine using natural ingredients. One of the medicinal plants is Yellow Wood (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr). Yellow wood has been proven to have antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of yellow wood by analyzing its IC50 value and to evaluate the toxicity of yellow wood extract by determining its LC50 value. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the extract was tested using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while the toxicity of yellow wood extract was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method with several concentration variants. The analysis of antioxidant activity in yellow wood using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method resulted in an IC50 value of 9.65 µg/ml, while vitamin C had an IC50 value of 3.96 µg/ml. Based on these results, both yellow wood and vitamin C fall into the category of very strong antioxidant activity. The probit analysis of the toxicity test of yellow wood extract using the brine shrimp lethality test method showed an LC50 value of 287.872 µg/ml, which is categorized as toxic.

Factors Influencing the Incidence of Stunting at the Lumban Sinaga Community Health Center, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency in 2023

2025-03-15T23:12:18-07:00

Stunting is one of the chronic nutritional problems that remains a global concern, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to identify factors associated with the incidence of stunting in the Puskesmas Lumban Sinaga Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency. This study is an onservational analytic study with a Case Control approach. This research was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024. The sample in this study were all mothers who had stunting toddlers as many as 75 cases(total population) control samples as many as 75 toddlers who did not suffer from stunting. Data collection using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression tests. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding history (p 0.000), family income (p 0.013), maternal education (p 0.007), parity (0.000) and maternal height (p 0.000) had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting. It is concluded that the factors associated with the incidence of stunting at the Lumban Sinaga Health Center are exclusive breastfeeding history, family income, maternal education, parity and maternal height with the dominant factor being maternal height. It is recommended for mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding to babies for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding with complementary foods until the age of 2 years to meet nutritional and immunity needs that are important for optimal growth.

Comparison of maseration and soxhlet extraction on the total phenolic content of ethanol extract of betel leaves (Piper betle L.) using visibel spectrophotometry.

2025-03-18T06:50:45-07:00

Betel leaf (Piper betle L) is a plant widely used as a traditional medicine capable of treating various diseases without causing side effects due to bioactive compounds, one of which is phenolic. This research aims to identify the chemical compounds present in the ethanol extract and determine the total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L). The research method employed is an experimental approach, which includes plant material processing, ethanol extract preparation through maceration and Soxhlet extraction, characterization analysis, phytochemical screening, and determination of the total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of betel leaf using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The betel leaf extract was prepared using maceration and Soxhlet extraction. The obtained extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Subsequently, the total phenolic content was determined using Visible Spectrophotometry. The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of betel leaf revealed the presence of chemical compound groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids or triterpenoids, and glycosides. Total phenolic content was determined by determining the wavelength of gallic acid and operating time, measuring the gallic acid calibration curve, and calculating the total phenolic content using visible spectrophotometry. The results of the total phenolic content determination for the maceration extract were 19.61 ± 0.19716 mg GAE/g, and for the Soxhlet extraction, it was 29.79 ± 1.91040 mg GAE/g.

Effectiveness analysis of levofloxacin and ceftriaxon antibiotics in pneumonia patients in the inpatient installation at RSD X Cirebon City Year 2023

2025-03-18T08:07:10-07:00

Pneumonia is inflammation caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and foreign substances that enter the lungs. The therapeutic management of pneumonia is given antibiotics to eliminate the causative bacteria and overall healing. Conceptually, levofloxacin antibiotics are considered better for pneumonia therapy than ceftriaxone. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comparing levofloxacin and ceftriaxone antibiotics in pneumonia patients in the inpatient installation of RSD X Cirebon City. Parameters to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics based on body temperature and length of stay (LOS). This study used a retrospective cross-sectional research design. Patient data from medical records were 91 samples that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis included patient characteristics, antibiotic use, and therapy effectiveness data. Data were tested statistically using Mann-Whitney. The results showed that the comparison of levofloxacin and ceftriaxon had different effectiveness as antibiotic therapy in pneumonia patients hospitalized in RSD X Cirebon City, except based on length of stay.

The effectiveness of food and drug monitoring performance in the working area of the Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan in Bandung

2025-02-10T06:09:24-08:00

The increasing demand for drugs and food will have an impact on the production and distribution of drugs and food which is increasingly widespread. The widespread distribution of drugs and food has caused public health problems related to quality and safety that do not meet standards, so that it is necessary to increase drug supervision both pre-market and post-market by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC). Therefore, this article aims to determine the effectiveness of the monitoring performance of drug and food production and distribution facilities carried out by one of the Technical Implementation Units of Indonesia NADFC, namely Balai Besar POM in Bandung The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative using primary data from performance reports from the Balai Besar POM in Bandung from years 2020 to 2023. Based on the achievement of performance indicators, the implementation of supervision activities for drug and food production and distribution facilities by the POM Center in Bandung is considered quite effective as evidenced by the Performance Achievement Value which is always above 100% from year to year. The overall achievement value and performance efficiency from 2020 to 2023, respectively, include 104.66%; 101.38%; 107.60%; and 103.82%. However, if we look closely at the realization value per indicator each year, there are several indicators that have not reached the 2020-2024 strategic plan target so that further efforts are needed to improve and maximize the performance achievement value. These efforts can be successful if accompanied by collaboration and synergy of all stakeholders so that the public receives quality and safe drug and food products according to standards.

Artikel review : Natural beauty with coffee: a complete guide to coffee-based face gel masks made in Indonesia

2025-01-14T05:22:19-08:00

The increasing ‘back to nature’ trend in Indonesia has brought about a variety of beauty products infused with natural ingredients. Coffee is an Indonesian natural resource that has a variety of active compounds in it that are useful as antioxidants. The antioxidant compounds in coffee can be formulated into peel off- masks that help maintain healthy facial skin. The purpose of this review article is to determine the development and mapping of research topics on coffee masks using bibliometric analysis and to review and provide a summary of several scientific articles related to the formulation, safety, and effectiveness of arabica and robusta coffee peel-off gel mask preparations as antioxidants. The data set used was sourced from the publication of national and international scientific articles indexed by Google Scholar in the range of 2019-2024. The stages carried out include: 1) determining the topic, 2) collecting data using a reference manager in the form of Publish or Perish software, 3) processing the data obtained with Microsoft Excel software 4) conducting bibliometric analysis and visualizing it using the help of VOSviewer software and, 5) reviewing articles. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that publications on coffee masks experienced fluctuating development. Based on the visualization of bibliometric mapping, research on coffee masks is divided into 4 clusters consisting of 15 interrelated items. Based on the results of the review article, there are 6 original research related to the formulation and evaluation of coffee peel-off gel masks that are discussed in depth and it can be concluded that peel-off gel masks from coffee, both robusta and arabica coffee, have been proven safe and effective for the skin.