Tingkat Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Pola Peresepannya Pada Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan (ICD-10: J00-J99) di Indonesia Selama Pandemi COVID-19
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Pendahuluan: Infeksi saluran pernapasan (ISPA) berkontribusi signifikan terhadap konsumsi antibiotik global, menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan resistensi antimikroba (AMR). Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola peresepan antibiotik untuk gangguan pernapasan di sebuah rumah sakit pendidikan di Indonesia selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Studi retrospektif dan cross-sectional ini mengkaji resep antibiotik sistemik berdasarkan Klasifikasi Anatomi Terapeutik (ATC: J01) untuk penyakit pernapasan (ICD-10: J00-J99) di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Pemerintah Cilacap antara Januari dan Desember 2021. Data diambil dari rekam medis elektronik (e-MR), mencakup demografi pasien (usia dan jenis kelamin), kode ICD, dan nama antibiotik. Kami menganalisis klasifikasi WHO AWaRe, rute pemberian, dan pola musiman berdasarkan waktu masuk pasien dan penggunaan antibiotik. Hasil: Studi ini melibatkan 2.395 pasien dengan resep antibiotik untuk gangguan pernapasan. Antibiotik golongan Watch mendominasi (85,6%), dengan penggunaan tertinggi pada dewasa (86,2%). Pemberian parenteral (71,5%) lebih umum dibandingkan oral (28,5%). Pneumonia (38,2%) dan penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (27%) menjadi indikasi paling umum. Penggunaan antibiotik mencapai puncak pada Desember (n=529) dan terendah pada Juli (n=84). Ceftriaxone (n=838), azitromisin (n=270), sefiksim (n=262), levofloksasin (n=216), dan meropenem (n=56) termasuk antibiotik yang paling sering diresepkan. Kesimpulan: Studi ini mengungkap dominasi penggunaan antibiotik spektrum luas dan parenteral untuk gangguan pernapasan, memperkuat kekhawatiran akan AMR. Faktor seperti musim, pola penyakit, dan tantangan diagnostik mungkin memengaruhi praktik peresepan. Penerapan program pengendalian antimikroba, promosi pedoman berbasis bukti, dan penanganan faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi sangat penting untuk memerangi AMR dan mengoptimalkan hasil perawatan pasien selama dan pasca pandemi COVID-19.
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