Tren Penelitian Pengobatan Herbal untuk Penyakit Radang Usus: Analisis Bibliometrik dengan Penekanan pada Kolitis Ulseratif
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Penyakit radang usus atau inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), khususnya kolitis ulseratif atau ulcerative colitis (UC), merupakan gangguan gastrointestinal kronis yang berdampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup. Meskipun terapi konvensional terus berkembang, sebagian pasien masih mengalami efek samping, kekambuhan, beban pengobatan yang tinggi, atau respons yang kurang memadai sehingga mendorong ketertarikan terhadap pendekatan komplementer, termasuk pengobatan herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan perkembangan riset pengobatan herbal pada IBD, khususnya UC, dengan menelaah tren publikasi, kontributor utama, pola kolaborasi, dan tema-tema yang berkembang. Penelitian ini menganalisis 518 artikel jurnal berbahasa Inggris yang terindeks Scopus pada periode 2016–2025. VOSviewer versi 1.6.20 dan paket Biblioshiny versi 5.0 pada R digunakan untuk menganalisis produktivitas sumber, kolaborasi antarnegara, hubungan sitasi, dan ko-kemunculan kata kunci. Di antara sepuluh sumber paling produktif, Journal of Ethnopharmacology (44 artikel), Frontiers in Pharmacology (24), dan Phytomedicine (22) menyumbang 90 dari 160 artikel (56,3%) pada kelompok sepuluh sumber tersebut; persentase ini bukan proporsi dari keseluruhan 518 dokumen. Di antara rekaman yang memiliki informasi negara penulis korespondensi, Tiongkok memberikan kontribusi terbesar (46,0%), diikuti India (11,1%) dan Korea Selatan (8,3%). Struktur tematik berpusat pada jalur antiinflamasi, modulasi imun, kolitis yang diinduksi DSS, fungsi sawar usus, mikrobiota, serta pendekatan sistem yang mulai muncul, seperti network pharmacology dan metabolomik. Profil jurnal dan jaringan kata kunci menunjukkan bahwa basis bukti masih didominasi penelitian praklinis dan translasi. Oleh karena itu, validasi klinis, standardisasi ekstrak, pelaporan keamanan, dan kolaborasi multinasional tetap menjadi prioritas sebelum penerapan klinis yang lebih luas
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Referensi
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