Efek Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Daun Kersen pada Tikus Model Nefrotoksisitas: Analisis Biokimia, Histopatologi, Antioksidan, dan Sitokin
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Latar Belakang: Nefrotoksisitas akibat gentamisin berkaitan erat dengan stres oksidatif dan respons inflamasi yang menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal. Senyawa alami dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi berpotensi sebagai agen nefroprotektif. Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) diketahui mengandung flavonoid dan polifenol sebagai senyawa bioaktif utama. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek nefroprotektif ekstrak etanol daun kersen pada model tikus yang diinduksi gentamisin. Metode: Tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (gentamisin), serta kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis ekstrak 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap fungsi ginjal, kadar sitokin inflamasi, aktivitas antioksidan, dan gambaran histopatologi ginjal. Hasil: Ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas nefroprotektif yang bersifat dosis-respons, dengan dosis 400 mg/kgBB memberikan efek paling optimal dalam memperbaiki fungsi ginjal, menekan respons inflamasi, dan mempertahankan struktur histologis ginjal. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun kersen memiliki potensi sebagai agen nefroprotektif melalui mekanisme antioksidan dan antiinflamasi, sehingga berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai terapi alami.
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