Nephroprotective Effect of Cherry Leaf Extract on Rat Model of Nephrotoxicity: Biochemical, Histopathological, Antioxidant, and Cytokine Analysis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 1377-1392
Abstract
Background: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to renal damage. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are potential nephroprotective agents. Muntingia calabura L. leaves are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Muntingia calabura L. leaf ethanol extract in a gentamicin-induced rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control (gentamicin), and treatment groups receiving extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Renal function, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: The extract demonstrated dose-dependent nephroprotective activity, with the 400 mg/kgBW dose showing the most optimal effect in improving renal function, reducing inflammatory responses, and preserving kidney histological structure. Conclusion: Muntingia calabura L. leaf extract exhibits nephroprotective potential through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, supporting its development as a natural therapeutic candidate.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Cahyani ED, Prasetya RA, Ma'rifah I, Widia DNT, Dewi TS, Putri S. In vivo nephroprotective effect of herbal plants towards gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: A literature review. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 2022;18(2):178–91. doi: 10.20885/jif.vol18.iss2.art17. Link: https://journal.uii.ac.id/JIF/article/view/25041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/jif.vol18.iss2.art17
Anggraini D. Aspek klinis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium penyakit ginjal kronik. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2022;9(2):236–39. doi: 10.31602/ann.v9i2.9229. Link: https://ojs.uniska-bjm.ac.id/index.php/ANN/article/view/9229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v9i2.9229
Anandita NGT. Pengaruh pemberian gentamisin pada dosis terapi terhadap ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal Health Sains. 2021;2(10):1346–50. doi: 10.46799/jhs.v2i10.303. Link: https://healthsains.co.id/index.php/jhs/article/view/303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v2i10.303
Kuchekar MC, Upadhye MC, Pujari RR, Kadam S, Gunjal P. Muntingia calabura: A comprehensive review. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences. 2021;9(2):81–87. Link: https://jpbs.in/archive/volume/9/issue/2/article/2056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.jpbs.2021.011
Khotimah A, Chatri M. Article Review: Potensi Tanaman Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai. 2024;8(1):15822–31. doi: 10.31004/jptam.v8i1.14625. Link: https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/14625
Fadira N, Lubis AA, Yunus M. Nephroprotective Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin-Induced Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. 2025;8(3):1698–712. doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.1020. Link: https://journaljps.com/index.php/jps/article/view/1020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.1020
Hafizsha NL, Gunanti, Noviana D, Widhyari SD. Konsentrasi IL-6 Serum terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pemasangan Implan Paduan Logam pada Babi (Sus scrofa). Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana. 2021;9(1):21–9. doi: 10.29244/avi.9.1.21-29. Link: https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/actavetindones/article/view/33498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.9.1.21-29
Abd-elkareem M, Soliman M, El-rahman MAMA, Khalil NSA. Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed on the Kidney of Monosodium Glutamate Challenged Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022;13:789988. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.789988. Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.789988/full DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.789988
Mutammimah S, Supriyanto S, Mu'tamar MFF. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction. Rekayasa. 2022;15(1):21–28. doi: 10.21107/rekayasa.v15i1.13229. Link: https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/rekayasa/article/view/13229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v15i1.13229
Putri CDI, Najib SZ. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) di Bangkalan. Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutical and Herbal Medicine. 2022;1(2):66–71. Link: https://www.neliti.com/publications/410740
Nisa M, Bonita S. Effect of drying temperature on flavonoid content and stability of Muntingia calabura L. leaves. J Pharm Res Sci. 2025;11(2):101–107.
Koopan S, Jiraprasertwong P. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of Muntingia calabura leaf extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2020;13(9):67–73.
Ismirza U, Azizah Z, Zulharmita, Yeni CF. Skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air dari daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Jurnal Farmasi Higea. 2025;17(2):163–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52689/higea.v17i2.745
Perdana Kusumaningrum¹, Untung Sudharmono², Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Advent Indonesia Bandung Effectiveness of Boiled Cherry Leaf (muntingia calabura L) Toward Ureum Creatinine Serum of Wistar Strain Mice with Acute RenalFailure Model Volume 7 Issue 1, October 2019, pp.727-743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.2077
Hasanah LS, Saputri GAR, Perangin Angin M. Uji aktivitas nefroprotektif ekstrak akuosa sarang burung walet putih (Collocalia fuciphaga) pada tikus Wistar yang diinduksi gentamisin. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2026;13(3):587–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i3.22608
Dewi IP, Aldiana M, Viadina ZA, Fajrin FA, Holidah D, Christianty FM. Nephroprotective effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves ethanol extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2024;15(3):208–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_440_23
Akbar DR, Yonata A, Ratna MG, Darwis I. Literature review: gagal ginjal akut akibat nefrotoksisitas gentamisin. Medula. 2024;14(9):1721–1727.
Singh R, Sharma P, Gupta A. Kidney histopathological changes in drug-induced toxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022.
Kumar A, Verma S, Singh D. Histopathological evaluation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental models. Toxicol Rep. 2021.
Ali BH, Al Suleimani YM, Al Za’abi M. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms and protective strategies. Pharmacol Res. 2022.
Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021.
Nguyen TT, et al. Flavonoids as natural antioxidants: Structure, activity, and applications. Molecules. 2022.
Rahman M, et al. Herbal medicines as nephroprotective agents. Front Pharmacol. 2023.
Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Mohamad AS. Muntingia calabura: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020.
Kang S, Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. Targeting interleukin-6 signaling in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Med. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.026
Albukhari, T.A., Bagadood, R.M., Bokhari, B.T., Filimban, W.A., Sembawa, H., Nasreldin, N., Gadalla, H.E., & El-Boshy, M.E. (2025). Chrysin Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats Through Modulation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation via Regulation of Nrf2/AKT and NF-κB/KIM-1 Pathways. Biomedicines, 13(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020271
Chen, Y.-Q., Chen, H.-Y., Tang, Q.-Q., Li, Y.-F., Liu, X.-S., Lu, F.-H., & Gu, Y.-Y. (2022). Protective Effect of Quercetin on Kidney Diseases: From Chemistry to Herbal Medicines. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 968226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.968226 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.968226
Widyaningrum, N.R., Wahyuningsih, S.S., & Priyono, C. (2022). Antiinflammation Activity of Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Ethanol, Ethylacetate and Chloroform Extracts. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 11(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2022.v11.i1.15699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2022.v11.i01.15699
Arlandi, C.B., Rahmawati, S., Wulan, A.J., & Susianti. (2023). Uji Toksisitas Akut Oral Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Sprague-Dawley Berdasarkan Guideline Uji OECD No.423. Medula, 13(5), 870–878.
Linder MC. Biochemistry of Nutrition. New York: Elsevier; 1992.
Nadeem, R.I., Aboutaleb, A.S., Younis, N.S., & Ahmed, H.I. (2023). Diosmin Mitigates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Insights on miR-21 and -155 Expression, Nrf2/HO-1 and p38-MAPK/NF-κB Pathways. Toxics, 11(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010048