Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Seroja (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
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Pendahuluan: Meningkatnya kejadian infeksi bakteri dan resistensi antimikroba mendorong eksplorasi tumbuhan obat sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri. Daun seroja (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) mengandung berbagai golongan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun seroja terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus serta mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekundernya. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium ini menggunakan ekstrak daun seroja yang dibuat melalui maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Simplisia dikarakterisasi dan diskrining secara fitokimia. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada Mueller–Hinton agar dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 15%, dan 20%; klindamisin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan dimetil sulfoksida sebagai kontrol negatif. Setiap perlakuan diuji sebanyak tiga kali. Diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil: Bahan uji daun seroja mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Rerata diameter zona hambat terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% berturut-turut sebesar 13,60; 15,40; dan 16,60 mm, sedangkan terhadap S. aureus sebesar 14,56; 15,21; dan 18,13 mm. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antarperlakuan pada kedua bakteri uji (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun seroja menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang meningkat seiring kenaikan konsentrasi terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus, dengan penghambatan terbesar pada konsentrasi 20%. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk menetapkan konsentrasi hambat dan bunuh minimum serta mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif antibakterinya.
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