Development of a Nanoparticle Solution from the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)
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Abstract
Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) are known to contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, and steroid-triterpenoids, which have potential as immunostimulants. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of chitosan and NaTPP on the stability of nanoparticle solutions from the ethyl acetate fraction of sungkai leaves. Sungkai leaves were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, then fractionated using the liquid-liquid estraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents. The ethyl acetate fraction selected to be made into nanoparticle solutions used the ionic gelation method with variations in the ratio of chitosan:NaTPP consisting of 3 formulas, namely F1 (5:1), F2 (10:1), F3 (20:1). Characterization of the nanoparticle solution was carried out by organoleptic testing, measuring % transmittance, particle size with a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and measuring the zeta potential value. The results showed that F3 (Chitosan:NaTPP 20:1) produced an average particle size of 953.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0,338, and a zeta potential of 43.2 mV, indicating relatively better stability compared to the other formulas. However, the percent transmittance obtained was still below the optimum (80-100%), which was 68.88%. In conclusion, increasing the chitosan:NaTPP ratio affected the environmental stability of the nanoparticles, and formula. F3 was the most stable formula in this study.
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