Pemanfaatan Kerangka ICF dan Pemetaan Disabilitas Berbasis DASH untuk Menilai Dampak Keterlambatan Diagnosis terhadap Disabilitas Fungsional pada Pasien Kusta di RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta
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Page: 2772-2785
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Kusta masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia Kerusakan saraf akibat kusta menimbulkan hendaya fungsi dan struktur tubuh, keterbatasan aktivitas serta pembatasan partisipasi sebagaimana dikonsepkan dalam International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara keterlambatan diagnosis dan pengobatan dengan disabilitas fungsional yang diinterpretasikan dalam komponen disabilitas ICF-WHO 2021. Metode: Studi observasional analitik desain cross-sectional pada 20 pasien kusta direkrut pada November 2025 - Januari 2026. Disabilitas fungsional dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) versi bahasa Indonesia yang tervalidasi dan setiap kelompok itemnya dipetakan ke kode ICF fungsi tubuh, aktivitas serta partisipasi. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dan interval kepercayaan 95% (IK95%). Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (95%) dengan rerata usia 44,2 ± 13,7 tahun dan rerata skor DASH 49,9 ± 21,1. Analisis Spearman menunjukkan korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara keterlambatan dengan disabilitas fungsional (rk = 0,802; IK95% 0,547-0,921; p < 0,001). Rerata skor DASH meningkat progresif dari 22,1 pada keterlambatan kurang dari 6 bulan menjadi 96,3 pada keterlambatan lebih dari 24 bulan. Simpulan: Keterlambatan diagnosis dan inisiasi MDT berhubungan kuat dengan disabilitas fungsional yang lebih berat pada pasien kusta. Karena analisis bersifat bivariat pada 20 pasien multibasiler di satu pusat rujukan dan kuesioner DASH hanya mencakup sebagian kerangka ICF serta tidak mengukur kualitas hidup secara langsung, temuan ini bersifat pendahuluan.
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