Isi Artikel Utama

Afif Tri Nugraha
Jekmal Malau
Ahsanal Kasasiah
Cantika Aprillia
Aliza Salsabila Ainaputri
Dewi Pratiwi Purba Siboro

Page: 541-566

Abstrak

Integrasi genomik olahraga dan farmakogenomik semakin menjadi pilar dalam precision sports medicine, yang memungkinkan individualisasi strategi latihan, nutrisi, serta penggunaan obat dan suplemen pada atlet. Tinjauan naratif terstruktur ini mensintesis literatur yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025 dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, dengan fokus pada relevansi pengembangan dan implementasi di kawasan ASEAN, khususnya Indonesia. Temuan diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga tema utama: (1) kontribusi genetik terhadap kekuatan dan daya tahan, komposisi tubuh, pemulihan, serta kerentanan cedera; (2) implikasi farmakogenomik terhadap pemilihan obat, penyesuaian dosis, keamanan terapi, dan potensi interaksi olahraga dengan obat (misalnya NSAID, bronkodilator inhalasi, kafein, dan kreatin); serta (3) tantangan etik, privasi, keadilan akses, dan risiko gene-doping. Performa atletik bersifat poligenik; variasi pada gen seperti ACTN3, ACE, PPARGC1A, PPARA, dan VEGF-A berkontribusi terhadap spektrum power–endurance dan adaptasi vaskular–metabolik, sementara variasi farmakogen seperti CYP2C9, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, dan ADRB2 dapat memodulasi efektivitas terapi dan risiko efek samping. Selain itu, aktivitas fisik itu sendiri berpotensi memengaruhi metabolisme dan respons farmakologis, menegaskan keterbatasan pendekatan “satu protokol untuk semua”. Secara keseluruhan, informasi genetik sebaiknya diposisikan sebagai lapisan pendukung dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis dan kepelatihan. Penguatan implementasi di ASEAN memerlukan kohort atlet yang lebih besar dan terstandarisasi, integrasi data longitudinal, panel marker yang tervalidasi, serta kerangka etik–regulasi yang kuat untuk memastikan penerapan yang aman dan berbasis bukti.

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Cara Mengutip
Nugraha, A. T., Malau , J., Kasasiah , A., Aprillia, C., Ainaputri, A. S., & Siboro , D. P. P. (2026). Genetika dan Farmakogenomika untuk Kinerja Atletik: Tren Terkini dan Arah Masa Depan di ASEAN. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 9(1), 541–566. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1375
Bagian
Review Article

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