Antibacterial activity test of ceremai leaf extract (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) against Staphylococcus aureus
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 1194-1203
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium capable of causing pneumonia. However, the frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative plant-based antibiotics as natural antibacterial agents. This study aims to analyse the antibacterial activity and chemical compound classes in the ethanol and methanol extracts of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels leaves, commonly known as ceremai leaves, exhibit antibacterial properties. Chemical compound classes were determined using the TLC method. The 96% ethanol extract of ceremai leaves contained flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenols. On the other hand, the methanol extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and phenols. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. The testing revealed that ethanol and methanol extracts of ceremai leaves at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50% exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The 50% concentration showed the highest inhibition zone value, with the ethanol extract (96%) measuring 3.86 ± 0.11 mm and the methanol extract measuring 2.73 ± 0.24 mm falling into the weak category
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
A. W. Bauer, M. W. (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing By A Standardized Single Disk Method. The American Journal of Clinical Phatology, 45(4), 493-496.
Amalia, L. (2019). Determinan Pneumonia Pada Anak Balitadi Puskesmas Pataruman Iii Kota Banjar Tahun 2018. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 1(1), 8–16.
Amalia, A., Sari, I., Nursanty, R., Farmasi, J., Matematika, F., Pengetahuan, I., Universitas, A., Kuala, S., & Biologi, J. (2017). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Aryantini, D. (2020). Skrining Senyawa Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap Staphyllococcus aureus secara KLT Bioautografi. Jurnal Dunia Farmasi, 4(3), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.33085/jdf.v4i3.4677
Compean, K. L., & Ynalvez, R. A. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review. Reserach Journal of Medicinal Plant, 8(5), 204–213.
Efrida. (2017). Pneumonia Nosokomial: Hospital-Acquired, Ventilator-Associated, dan Health Care-Associated. Jurnal Kedokteran Unila, 1(3), 612–618. http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/1729
Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol . American Society for Microbiology, 1-23.
Humaida, R. (2014). Strategy To Handle Resistance of Antibiotics. Rifka Humaida | Strategy To Handle Resistance Of Antibiotics J MAJORITY |, 3, 113.
Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II 2017 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
Kemenkes RI. (2018). Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Kemenkes RI. (2016). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia.
LIPI. (2015). Indonesia Miliki 7.500 Tanaman Obat. Lipi.Go.Id. Indonesia Miliki 7.500 Tanaman Obat
Marpaung, J. K., Situmorang, M., & Loi, A. (2022). Identifikasi Simplisia Dan Uji Aktivitas Aantibakteri Daun Ceremai ( Phyllanthus acidus ( L .) Skeels ) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes Dan Bakteri Salmonella typhi. 4(1).
Miftah Muttaqin, D., Choesrina, R., & Prosiding Farmasi (2019) Vol 5 no 1. (n.d.). Prosiding Farmasi Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ceremai (Phyllanthus Acidus (L.) Skeels) terhadap Candida Albicans Antifungal Activity Of Gooseberry Leaf Aethanol Extract (Phyllanthus Acidus (L.) Skeels) Against.
Nurfitri Arfani, S. S. M. S. (2021). Identifikasi Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Pada Kulit. PENERBIT KBM INDONESIA. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=jmpKEAAAQBAJ
Nurlansi, & Jahidin. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Dan Fraksi Etilasetat Daun Ketepeng Cina (Casia alata L). 2(2), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.14341/conf7-8.09.22-84
Smith, A., & Hussey, M. (2005). Gram Stain Protocols. www.asmscience.org
Susanti, S. F., & Safitri, R. Z. (2019). Uji Efektifitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum) Dan Daun Ceremai (Phyllanthus Acidus) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Sains, 9(17), 25–33.
Ulfa, E. U., Sari, D. S., & Wijaya, D. (2013). Aktivitas Antibakteri dan KLT Bioautografi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum piloselloides) terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Stomatogantic (J.K.G Unej), 10(1), 39–43.
World Health Organization. (2022, November 11). Pneumonia in children.