Pengaruh Konseling Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Pada Pasien Asma Di Poliklinik Paru RSUD dr. Rasidin Padang
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Abstrak
Asma merupakan penyakit pernapasan kronis dengan inflamasi dan penyempitan saluran napas yang menimbulkan batuk, sesak, dan mengi. Prevalensinya tinggi secara global dan nasional, dengan dampak kesehatan dan ekonomi yang besar. Konseling terbukti berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien asma, sehingga mendukung pengendalian penyakit dan pencegahan kekambuhan.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pra-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest–posttest. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 68 pasien asma rawat jalan dari poliklinik paru yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Asthma General Knowledge Questionnaire (AGKQ), sedangkan kepatuhan diukur menggunakan Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-10). Data dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon serta uji Chi-Square atau Fisher Exact Test dengan tingkat signifikansi p 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konseling apoteker berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien asma (p 0,000). Hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan tidak bermakna secara statistik pada tahap pretest (p 0,119) maupun posttest (p 1,000), yang disebabkan oleh homogenitas data setelah konseling. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konseling apoteker efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien asma. Oleh karena itu, konseling perlu diimplementasikan secara rutin sebagai bagian dari pelayanan farmasi klinis untuk mendukung pengendalian asma yang optimal.
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