Suplementasi Butirat dan Modulasi Epigenetik melalui Inhibisi Histon Deacetylase pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Suatu Tinjauan Naratif dengan Perspektif untuk Indonesia
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Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 merupakan gangguan metabolik multifaktorial yang ditandai oleh resistensi insulin, inflamasi kronis, dan disfungsi regulasi epigenetik. Bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi butirat berpotensi memperbaiki homeostasis metabolik melalui mekanisme inhibisi histon deasetilase dan modulasi ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam jalur sinyal insulin dan inflamasi. Review ini bertujuan mengevaluasi bukti preklinis dan klinis mengenai peran butirat sebagai modulator epigenetik pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 serta membahas relevansi translasi, termasuk perspektif di Indonesia. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara terstruktur terhadap artikel penelitian asli yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2015–2025. Studi terpilih menunjukkan bahwa butirat mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, memperbaiki kontrol glikemik, dan menekan respons inflamasi melalui peningkatan asetilasi histon. Namun, bukti klinis langsung masih terbatas. Di Indonesia, data yang tersedia terutama berasal dari intervensi diet atau probiotik yang meningkatkan produksi butirat endogen. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan uji klinis terkontrol untuk mengevaluasi potensi terapeutik suplementasi butirat secara langsung pada populasi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2.
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