Drug-Related Problems Pada Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis: Literatur Review
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Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas global, dengan beban kesehatan yang terus meningkat. Kompleksitas terapi jangka panjang pada PPOK meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Masalah Terkait Obat (MTO), yang dapat mempengaruhi luaran klinis pasien. Tinjauan literatur ini dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan mencari artikel di database PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci yang terkait dengan MTO dan PPOK. Pemilihan dilakukan pada publikasi dari 10 tahun terakhir (2015–2025) yang relevan dengan topik dan tersedia dalam teks lengkap. Berdasarkan studi dato Li et al., (2019) dan Apikoglu-Rabus et al., (2016), klasifikasi MTO menurut PCNE V9.0 sebagian besar mencakup aspek keamanan obat (54,2%), pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat (hingga 8,7%), dosis berlebihan (19,9%), durasi terapi berlebihan (17,7%), dan kesalahan dalam proses penggunaan obat (hingga 63,3%). Faktor pasien seperti ketidakpatuhan (25%) dan teknik inhalasi yang salah merupakan kontributor utama terjadinya MTO. Penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat, interaksi obat-herbal, dan kurangnya pemantauan terapi juga secara konsisten ditemukan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa MTO secara signifikan memperburuk kontrol gejala dan meningkatkan risiko eksaserbasi. Peran apoteker sangat penting dalam mengidentifikasi, mencegah, dan mengelola MTO melalui edukasi pasien, tinjauan terapi, dan pemantauan terapi berkelanjutan. MTO pada pasien PPOK merupakan tantangan serius yang memerlukan pendekatan multidisiplin. Edukasi berkelanjutan, pemantauan rasionalitas terapi, dan kolaborasi antar tenaga kesehatan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dan efektivitas pengobatan PPOK.
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Referensi
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