Interaksi Obat Potensial pada Sirosis Hati: Tinjauan Pola dan Faktor Sosiodemografi
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Sirosis hati merupakan kondisi kronis yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya nodul regeneratif dan jaringan fibrotik akibat kerusakan pada hati dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Kondisi ini sering disertai oleh penyakit penyerta dan komplikasi sehingga menyebabkan pasien menerima banyak obat (polifarmasi). Polifarmasi dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya interaksi obat potensial dalam tubuh sehingga menyebabkan perburukan luaran klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan interaksi obat potensial yang terjadi dan polanya serta karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien sirosis hati yang menjalani rawat inap di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang dengan pengumpulan data secara prospektif dari data rekam medis pasien. Sebanyak 579 obat yang digunakan oleh 50 pasien dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok obat: obat terkait sirosis langsung (48.9 %), obat untuk simptomatik (43,2 %), dan obat untuk mengatasi komorbid (7.95 %). Hasil analisis dengan drugs.com menunjukkan bahwa potensi interaksi obat terdapat pada 96% pasien. Pola interaksi yang paling dominan adalah kombinasi interaksi sedang–ringan (48%), diikuti oleh kombinasi interaksi berat, sedang, dan ringan (22%). Selain itu, interaksi sedang saja ditemukan pada 18% pasien, sedangkan kombinasi berat–sedang tercatat pada 9% pasien. Berdasarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi, mayoritas pasien adalah laki-laki (58 %), berusia di bawah 65 tahun (64 %), memiliki lebih dari satu komorbid (52 %), berpendidikan dasar (32 %), masih bekerja (56 %), dan tidak memiliki kebiasaan sosial berisiko, seperti merokok dan mengonsumsi alkohol (48 %).
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