Formulasi dan Uji Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan Hidrogel Acne Patch Nanopropolis (Trigona sp.) Asal Balikpapan
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Abstrak
Jerawat (acne vulgaris) merupakan kelainan kulit yang umum, terutama pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Penggunaan antibiotik topikal dalam jangka panjang dapat meningkatkan risiko resistensi antimikroba sehingga diperlukan alternatif terapi topikal, salah satunya propolis. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik sediaan hidrogel acne patch yang mengandung nanopropolis (Trigona sp.) asal Balikpapan. Nanoemulsi propolis dibuat menggunakan pendekatan self-nanoemulsifying dan diformulasikan ke dalam empat formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol basis), F1 (kontrol nanoemulsi), F2 (nanopropolis 2,5%), dan F3 (nanopropolis 5%) dengan metode solvent casting berbasis HPMC. Evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptik, daya lipat, ketebalan, keseragaman bobot, pH, dan penyerapan kelembapan. Nanoemulsi memiliki nilai transmitan rata-rata 96,97 ± 0,34%. Seluruh formula menunjukkan daya lipat >1000 kali, ketebalan 0,405–0,494 mm, koefisien variasi bobot <5%, pH 6,26–6,32, dan penyerapan kelembapan 6,82–9,56%. Seluruh formula memenuhi kriteria mutu fisik yang ditetapkan. Penambahan nanopropolis menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan ketebalan, bobot rata-rata, dan penyerapan kelembapan, sedangkan pH tetap berada dalam rentang fisiologis kulit. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa nanopropolis Trigona sp. dapat diformulasikan ke dalam hidrogel acne patch berbasis HPMC dengan karakteristik fisik yang memenuhi persyaratan untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sediaan topikal.
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