Karakteristik Psikometrik Alat Ukur Kualitas Hidup bagi Pasien Hipertensi: Tinjauan Sistematis
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Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang memengaruhi kesehatan fisik dan psikologis sehingga menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Instrumen Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) perlu melalui adaptasi lintas budaya dan pengujian psikometrik sebelum digunakan dalam praktik klinis. Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas psikometrik instrumen HRQoL pada pasien hipertensi berdasarkan validitas, reliabilitas, dan responsivitas. Metode: Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada delapan basis data terhadap artikel berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia yang diterbitkan pada 2021–2026. Seleksi artikel mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Kualitas metodologis dinilai menggunakan COSMIN, sedangkan kualitas bukti dievaluasi dengan GRADE yang dimodifikasi. Hasil: Sebanyak 13 penelitian dari 10 negara memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Enam instrumen (46,1%) menunjukkan validitas isi, konsistensi internal, dan reliabilitas uji ulang yang baik. Seluruh instrumen memiliki validitas isi yang memadai, sedangkan 84,6% menunjukkan konsistensi internal yang kuat. Namun, validitas diskriminan dan responsivitas masih jarang dilaporkan. Instrumen QLICD-HY (V2.0), STI-HRQoL, dan DASI menunjukkan bukti psikometrik terbaik. Kesimpulan: Instrumen HRQoL pada pasien hipertensi umumnya memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik. Penelitian longitudinal masih diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi responsivitas instrumen. QLICD-HY dan DASI direkomendasikan sebagai instrumen yang paling potensial untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi.
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