Indonesia The Effect of Structured Booklet-Based Education on Medication Adherence, Quality of Life, and Random Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Health Centers in Tasikmalaya City, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Page: 1493-1500
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of structured booklet-based education on medication adherence, quality of life, and random blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary health care centers in Tasikmalaya City. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group approach. A total of 72 respondents were divided into an intervention group (n=36) and a control group (n=36). Medication adherence was assessed using the Morisky Green Levine Scale (MGLS), quality of life was measured using the Diabetes Quality of Life–Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI), and clinical outcomes were evaluated using random blood glucose levels. The results showed that the intervention group experienced a significant improvement in medication adherence (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Quality of life also improved significantly within the intervention group (p<0.001); however, the difference in posttest quality of life between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.317). The improvement in quality of life observed in both groups may have been influenced by routine primary health care services, repeated attention during the study (Hawthorne effect), as well as support from health cadres or the surrounding environment that was not specifically measured. ANCOVA analysis demonstrated that after controlling for confounding variables, structured booklet-based education had a significant effect on medication adherence (p<0.001) and random blood glucose levels (p=0.048), but not on quality of life (p=0.055). In conclusion, structured booklet-based education was effective in improving medication adherence and reducing random blood glucose levels, but it did not show a statistically significant effect on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2022;45:2753–86. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0034
Roglic Gojka. Global report on diabetes. World Health Organization; 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2468-8827.184853
Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Educ Couns 2016;99:926–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003
Kim J, Hur MH. The effects of dietary education interventions on individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168439
Chawla SS, Kaur S, Bharti A, Garg R, Kaur M, Soin D, et al. Impact of health education on knowledge, attitude, practices and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Family Med Prim Care 2019;8:261. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_228_18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_228_18
Shiferaw WS, Akalu TY, Desta M, Kassie AM, Petrucka PM, Aynalem YA. Effect of educational interventions on knowledge of the disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2021;11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049806
Afrilia A, Muliadi T, Eka Putri S. Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation Effectiveness of Nutritional Counseling Using Booklet And Leaflet on Diet Compliance and Knowledge Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Meuraxa Hospital, Banda Aceh City n.d.
Romalina R, Daniati M, Putri RN, Jasda A. The effectiveness of booklets on family knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients about the management of hypoglycaemia. Healthc Low Resour Settings 2024;12. https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11981
Saritessa N, Ibrahim K, Haroen H. Booklet-Based Education in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Scoping Review. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research 2025;4:172–85. https://doi.org/10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i1.372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i1.372
Lwanga SK., Lemeshow S. Sample size determination in health studies : a practical manual. World Health Organisation; 1991.
Elsayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care 2023;46:S1–4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S016
Polonsky WH, Henry RR. Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: Recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016;10:1299–306. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S106821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S106821
Azmiardi A, Murti B, Febrinasari RP, Tamtomo DG. The effect of peer support in diabetes self-management education on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Epidemiol Health 2021;43. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021090
Ernawati U, Andri Wihastuti T, Wiji Utami Y. Effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients: Systematic literature review. vol. 10. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2240
Banjarnahor RL, Javadi Arjmand E, Onni AT, Thomassen LM, Perillo M, Balakrishna R, et al. Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Nutrition 2025;155:1285–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021
Salahshouri A, Zamani Alavijeh F, Mahaki B, Mostafavi F. Effectiveness of educational intervention based on psychological factors on achieving health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018;10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0368-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0368-8