Potensi Terapeutik Ekstrak Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) dalam Pengelolaan Diabetes Tipe-2: Tinjauan Literatur
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Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM) adalah penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan resistensi insulin, sekresi insulin abnormal, dan hiperglikemia persisten. Terdapat berbagai pengobatan yang ada, tetapi dibutuhkan pengobatan komplementer. Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) adalah tanaman obat dengan zat bioaktif yang memiliki sifat antidiabetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti potensi terapeutik Portulaca oleracea L., komponen bioaktif, dan proses yang mendasarinya dalam pengobatan diabetes tipe 2. Tinjauan literatur dikembangkan melalui pemeriksaan komprehensif artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan yang diambil dari basis data akademik utama, termasuk Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect. Banyak penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa Portulaca oleracea L. memiliki efek antidiabetik yang signifikan. Hal ini tampaknya dihasilkan dari sensitivitas insulin, penekanan inflamasi terkait NF-κB secara umum pada sel atau jaringan parafisis, stimulasi/aktivasi jalur AMPK dari ekspresi eNOS secara umum, efek pengaturan bakteri usus, dan penghambatan pencernaan karbohidrat; Baik melalui proses tingkat indeks glikemik, penggunaan/pengurangan respons tersebut sebagai proses pengeluaran energi. Dosis efektif dalam studi hewan berkisar antara 50 hingga 500 mg/kg/hari. Uji klinis langsung (1,0–1,8 g/hari) menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada glukosa puasa, metabolisme lipid HbA1c, dan penanda stres oksidatif. Portulaca oleracea L. menunjukkan potensi sebagai pengobatan tambahan untuk diabetes tipe 2. Komponen bioaktifnya bekerja bersama untuk mengatasi berbagai target patogenik. Untuk memvalidasi penggunaan terapeutik terbaik, diperlukan prosedur ekstraksi standar dan studi penentuan dosis klinis yang ekstensif.
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Referensi
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