Penilaian Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Berdasarkan Indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional di Puskesmas Teluk Merbau
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Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas di seluruh dunia dan berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dalam penatalaksanaan ISPA dapat mempercepat terjadinya resistensi antimikroba, yang saat ini menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan penggunaan antibiotik melalui indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) sangat penting untuk mendorong praktik peresepan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pola peresepan antibiotik dan menilai kesesuaiannya dengan indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional pada pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Teluk Merbau. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif potong lintang retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data resep pasien yang didiagnosis ISPA selama periode Januari hingga Desember 2022. Teknik total sampling digunakan dengan melibatkan seluruh resep yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan frekuensi dan persentase berdasarkan indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Sebanyak 261 resep pasien ISPA dianalisis. Pasien perempuan merupakan kelompok terbanyak (55,94%), sedangkan kelompok usia dewasa mendominasi kasus ISPA (62,07%). Dari seluruh resep yang dianalisis, 90 resep mengandung antibiotik. Amoksisilin merupakan antibiotik yang paling sering diresepkan (56,13%), diikuti sefiksim (18,33%), siprofloksasin (11,83%), sefadroksil (10,10%), kotrimoksazol (2,02%), dan metronidazol (1,59%). Persentase penggunaan antibiotik mencapai 26,97%, melebihi target nasional Penggunaan Obat Rasional yang ditetapkan kurang dari 20%. Penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Teluk Merbau masih melebihi indikator Penggunaan Obat Rasional yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pemantauan penggunaan antibiotik secara berkelanjutan, kepatuhan terhadap pedoman terapi, dan implementasi program stewardship antimikroba perlu ditingkatkan untuk mendukung penggunaan antibiotik yang lebih rasional.
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