Evaluasi Praklinis Asam Askorbat pada Sepsis Eksperimental dan Kesenjangan Penelitian Centella asiatica pada Sepsis Terinduksi Staphylococcus aureus: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
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Page: 1878-1890
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Latar Belakang: Terapi antioksidan adjuvan telah banyak diteliti pada sepsis eksperimental; namun, bukti mengenai efek kombinasi ekstrak Centella asiatica dan asam askorbat terhadap luaran kelangsungan hidup masih terbatas. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bukti praklinis mengenai manfaat kelangsungan hidup dari ekstrak C. asiatica dan/atau asam askorbat pada sepsis eksperimental, khususnya pada model yang diinduksi Staphylococcus aureus, serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian. Metode: Tinjauan sistematis ini dilakukan sesuai pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur komprehensif dilakukan pada Scopus (n=126) dan Google Scholar (n=467) untuk mengidentifikasi studi terkontrol in vivo pada tikus yang mengevaluasi suplementasi ekstrak C. asiatica dan/atau asam askorbat pada model sepsis dengan luaran kelangsungan hidup yang dilaporkan. Ekstraksi data mencakup karakteristik intervensi, model sepsis, luaran survival, penanda inflamasi, parameter stres oksidatif, indikator cedera organ, serta analisis statistik. Hasil: Dari 593 rekaman awal, 403 disaring setelah penghapusan duplikat, dan lima studi memenuhi kriteria kelayakan. Seluruh studi yang memenuhi kriteria mengevaluasi monoterapi asam askorbat pada model sepsis yang diinduksi oleh lipopolisakarida (LPS), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), atau injeksi intraperitoneal feses (FIP); tidak ada yang menggunakan S. aureus dan tidak ada yang mengevaluasi ekstrak C. asiatica. Monoterapi asam askorbat secara konsisten meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup: survival 48 jam meningkat dari 5,5% menjadi 61% (p<0,0007) dan survival 7 hari meningkat dari 30% menjadi 45% (p<0,05) pada model CLP, yang disertai dengan penurunan sitokin proinflamasi (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP), penurunan stres oksidatif, dan perbaikan cedera multiorgan. Kesimpulan: Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian yang kritis: belum ada studi praklinis yang mengevaluasi ekstrak C. asiatica, baik tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan asam askorbat, pada sepsis yang diinduksi S. aureus. Bukti yang tersedia terbatas pada monoterapi asam askorbat pada model sepsis alternatif, yang tidak dapat digeneralisasikan secara langsung ke sepsis stafilokokus karena perbedaan patofisiologis. Studi eksperimental langsung menggunakan model sepsis S. aureus yang tervalidasi sangat diperlukan sebelum rekomendasi terapeutik dapat diberikan.
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