Studi In-Vivo Potensi Ekstrak Daun Akway (Drimys cf. piperita) Sebagai Antihiperglikemia
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Background : Hiperglikemia merupakan kondisi metabolik yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar glukosa darah di atas batas normal dan menjadi karakteristik utama pada diabetes melitus, suatu penyakit kronis dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat di berbagai negara. Tanaman akway (Drimys cf. piperita) tumbuh endemik di Pegunungan Sorong, Papua Barat Daya. Daunnya mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek ekstrak daun akway dalam menurunkan gula darah secara in vivo pada mencit putih yang sebelumnya kadar glukosanya dinaikkan menggunakan larutan glukosa. Metode: Rancangan penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorium dengan lima kelompok: kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5 mg), kontrol positif (glibenklamid 3 mg), serta tiga kelompok ekstrak daun akway dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Hiperglikemia diinduksi selama 7 hari dengan larutan glukosa. Kadar glukosa darah diukur pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, 120, dan 150 menggunakan glukometer. Analisis data memakai One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil: Ekstrak dosis 200 mg/kgBB memberikan penurunan glukosa darah tertinggi (54,24%), berbeda bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) dan bahkan lebih baik dari glibenklamid (51,15%). Sementara dosis 400 mg/kgBB justru menghasilkan efektivitas lebih rendah (45,85%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun akway terbukti memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemia dengan dosis optimal 200 mg/kgBB.
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