Gambaran Imunohistokimia pada Pasien Infeksi Herpes Simplex Virus 1 dengan Karsinoma Tiroid: Sebuah Serial Kasus
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Abstrak
Karsinoma tiroid adalah salah satu kanker endokrin yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan etiologi yang bersifat multifaktorial. Peran herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) dalam patogenesis kanker tiroid masih menjadi penyakit yang terus diselidiki. HSV-1 mungkin ada dalam jaringan tiroid sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang potensi perannya dalam karsinogenesis tiroid. Kasus pertama adalah laki-laki, 65 tahun terdiagnosis karsinoma tiroid dengan riwayat herpes simplex. Kasus kedua adalah laki-laki, 73 tahun terdiagnosis karsinoma tiroid tanpa riwayat herpes simplex. Kedua pasien dilakukan tiroidektomi. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dan didapatkan hasil karsinoma papiler (karsinoma tiroid). Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia didapatkan hasil positif HSV1. Sebuah studi melaporkan bahwa DNA HSV lebih sering terdeteksi pada karsinoma tiroid, dengan korelasi yang kuat antara mutasi onkogenik dan HSV. Peningkatan ekspresi nectin-1 pada karsinoma tiroid menyebabkan terjadi HSV, membuat sel kanker lebih rentan terhadap infeksi. Selain itu, kadar hormon tiroid dapat mempengaruhi reaktivasi HSV, menunjukkan kompleksitas interaksi antara fungsi tiroid, aktivitas virus dan perkembangan kanker. Pada 2 pasien dengan diagnosis karsinoma tiroid yang dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan immunohistokimia (IHK) ditemukan adanya HSV-1. Dari penemuan tersebut diperlukan dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan subyek yang lebih banyak untuk mengetahui adanya peran infeksi HSV1 dalam karsinogenesis tiroid.
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