Perbandingan Hambatan Implementasi Resep Elektronik di Berbagai Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
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Latar Belakang: Resep elektronik (e-prescribing) semakin luas diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan. Namun, implementasinya di berbagai fasilitas kesehatan masih menghadapi hambatan yang kompleks dan bervariasi. Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan implementasi resep elektronik, membandingkan variasi hambatan antar tipe fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, serta menyusun rekomendasi berbasis bukti. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect sesuai panduan PRISMA, dilengkapi dengan penelusuran manual referensi dan literatur abu-abu. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi kualitatif dan mixed-methods berbahasa Inggris yang berfokus pada hambatan implementasi. Analisis data menggunakan sintesis tematik, sedangkan penilaian kualitas metodologis menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools dan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Hasil: Sebanyak sepuluh studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, mencakup rumah sakit, klinik layanan primer, apotek komunitas, dan fasilitas perawatan lansia. Empat kategori hambatan utama diidentifikasi: tantangan teknis dan sistem, hambatan alur kerja, faktor manusia dan perilaku, serta kendala organisasi dan regulasi. Pola hambatan menunjukkan variasi signifikan antar tipe fasilitas, dengan hambatan teknis paling dominan di rumah sakit, hambatan transisi di klinik primer, tekanan operasional di apotek, serta rendahnya motivasi pengguna di fasilitas perawatan lansia. Kesimpulan: Implementasi resep elektronik yang berhasil memerlukan pendekatan terintegrasi yang mencakup aspek teknis, organisasi, dan sumber daya manusia. Strategi implementasi harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik spesifik masing-masing fasilitas kesehatan untuk mendukung keselamatan pasien dan kualitas layanan kesehatan secara berkelanjutan.
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Referensi
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