Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis: Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Pengobatan pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Multidrug-Resistant
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Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis Multidrug-Resistant (TB MDR) merupakan penyakit TB yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang resistan dan menjadi penyebab kematian utama di seluruh dunia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berperan penting dalam treatment outcome pasien TB MDR. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic literature review dengan jenis data kuantitatif. Literatur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui pencarian online menggunakan database bereputasi yaitu Science Direct, PubMed, dan Google Scholar dengan cakupan artikel dari tahun 2020 sampai dengan 2025. Hasil: Sebanyak 8 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis dalam tinjauan sistematis ini. Tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB MDR di beberapa negara berkisar antara 54,1% hingga 84,74%. Faktor yang terkait dengan treatment outcome antara lain jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, jarak ke pusat pengobatan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), waktu diagnosis >30 hari, waktu konversi kultur lambat >2 bulan, riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya, kormobiditas, luas lesi paru dan brokiektasis, dan efek samping obat. Kesimpulan: Tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan TB MDR di berbagai negara masih bervariasi. Keberhasilan pengobatan TB MDR/RR dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor demografis, klinis, sosial, dan akses layanan kesehatan. Faktor seperti usia muda, status gizi baik, tingkat pendidikan tinggi, serta akses layanan kesehatan yang memadai terbukti meningkatkan peluang keberhasilan terapi. Sebaliknya, kegagalan pengobatan (outcome failure) dipengaruhi oleh adanya komorbiditas, usia lanjut, riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya, resistensi obat, efek samping terapi, serta keterlambatan diagnosis dan rendahnya kepatuhan pasien. Identifikasi faktor risiko sejak awal sangat diperlukan agar penatalaksanaan dapat diberikan secara optimal sehingga meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan TB MDR.
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Referensi
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