Gel Pembersih Wajah Berbasis Ekstrak Daun Sengani: Inovasi Herbal untuk Terapi Anti-Jerawat yang Menargetkan Cutibacterium acnes
Bilah Samping Artikel
Isi Artikel Utama
Page: 783-796
Abstrak
Senggani adalah tanaman tradisional Asia yang umum digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif, khususnya di Indonesia. Daun tanaman senggani mengandung metabolit sekunder, termasuk tanin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin. Di antara metabolit tersebut, tanin dan flavonoid diyakini memiliki sifat antibakteri. Studi ini menyelidiki apakah gel pembersih wajah yang terbuat dari ekstrak etanol daun senggani memiliki sifat yang stabil dan memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Selain itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Cutibacterium acnes, bakteri penyebab jerawat. Metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut 70% digunakan untuk menyiapkan ekstrak etanol dari daun senggani. Ekstrak ini kemudian diformulasikan menjadi gel pembersih wajah menggunakan polimer karbopol pada konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, dan 10%, diikuti dengan pengujian untuk menilai aktivitas antibakterinya. Aktivitas antibakteri ditentukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada konsentrasi yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona inhibisi bakteri adalah 9,93 mm pada konsentrasi 5%, 11,66 mm pada 7,5%, dan 13,93 mm pada 10%. Sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun senggani menunjukkan sifat yang stabil, dengan evaluasi stabilitas fisik yang mengonfirmasi bahwa produk ini sesuai dengan standar kualitas sabun cuci muka sebagaimana ditetapkan oleh peraturan nasional Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, gel ekstrak etanol daun senggani efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Cutibacterium acnes, menunjukkan potensinya sebagai sabun cuci muka yang efektif.
Unduhan
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Referensi
C. Mayslich, P. A. Grange, and N. Dupin, ‘Cutibacterium acnes as an opportunistic pathogen: an update of its virulence-associated factors’, Microorganisms, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 303, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020303
L. Legiawati, P. A. Halim, M. Fitriani, H. G. Hikmahrachim, and H. W. Lim, ‘Microbiomes in acne vulgaris and their susceptibility to antibiotics in Indonesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Antibiotics, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 145, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010145
H. M. Nasution, Z. Rani, Z. P. A. Fauzi, and A. R. Ridho, ‘Antimicrobial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Senggani Leaves (Melastoma malabraticum L) Against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Epidermidis’, J. Sains Dan Kesehat., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 292–298, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i2.2208
S. Halim, H. Halim, I. N. E. Lister, S. Sihotang, A. N. Nasution, and E. Girsang, ‘Efektivitas gel ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) terhadap diameter luka pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)’, Bioma J. Ilm. Biol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 44–54, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v10i1.6555
S. Gunawardana and B. Dias, ‘Methodological advances in formulation and assay of herbal resources-based topical drug delivery systems’, J. Complement. Integr. Med., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 74–86, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0181
E. Yunitha, A. Nilawati, M. Novita, and D. Marlina, ‘Formulation and Evaluation of Spirulina-Based Gel with Varying Carbopol Concentrations for Anti-Acne Activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis’, Biol. Med. Nat. Prod. Chem., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 699–705, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.699-705
A. Mekkawy, M. Fathy, and S. El-Shanawany, ‘Formulation and in vitro evaluation of fluconazole topical gels’, Br. J. Pharm. Res., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 293–313, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2013/2775
T. Akmal, Y. P. Tanjung, and I. Indriani, ‘Facial Wash Gel Formulation from Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) With Carbopol 940 as Gelling Agent and Its Stability Study, Keluwih J. Kesehat. Dan Kedokt., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 82–88, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24123/kesdok.V5i2.6082
E. Ajris, E. Mustiqawati, and S. Supardi, ‘Formulation And Evaluation Of Physical Properties Of Facial Wash Gel From Srikaya Leaf Extract (Annona Squamosa) With Gelling Agent Carbopol’, Int. J. Multidiscip. Learn., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 104–110, 2024.
Z. P. A. Fauzi, C. I. A. Putri, N. Aska, and D. S. Utami, ‘Formulation of Tembelekan Leaf Hand Sanitizer (Lantana camara L.) and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus’, J. Biol. Trop., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 747–754, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7595
C. I. A. Puteri, S. Simahate, A. Ningtias, Z. P. A. Fauzi, S. U. Karo-Karo, and M. Andry, ‘The analgesic activity study of ethanol extract of Plantago Major L. in Mice (Mus Musculus L.) using writhing test method’, J. Biol. Trop., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 945–957, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7650
M. Lailiyah, A. Restyana, and O. B. Setyarti, ‘Formulasi Facial Wash Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes Secara In Vitro’, J. Inov. Farm. Indones. JAFI, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 24–32, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30737/jafi.v1i1.600
R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, vol. 6. Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2006.
M. E. Aulton and K. Taylor, Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture Of Medicines. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
M. M. Z. Ibrahim, M. U. R. Milke, M. S. A. Sarode, and R. P. Gaikwad, A Text Book Of Novel Drug Delivery System. JEC Publication.
R. C. Rowe, Ed., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th ed. London: APhA, (PhP) Pharmaceutical Press, 2009.
S. B. Sawitri and N. Marfu’ah, ‘Evaluasi Sediaan Facial Wash Gel Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol’, J. Ilm. Glob. Farm. JIGF, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 11–21, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v11i2.921
M. Balouiri, M. Sadiki, and S. K. Ibnsouda, ‘Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review’, J. Pharm. Anal., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 71–79, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
C. Valgas, S. M. de Souza, E. F. Smânia, and A. Smânia Jr, ‘Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products’, Braz. J. Microbiol., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 369–380, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822007000200034
U. Mayasari and M. T. Laoli, ‘Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Skrining Fitokimia Daun Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (l.) Burm. f.)’, Klorofil J. Ilmu Biol. Dan Terap., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7–13, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v2i1.1802
K. L. Compean and R. A. Ynalvez, ‘Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites: a Review.’, 2014.
R. Novelni, M. Yupelmi, D. Agustina, N. R. Putri, and P. Minerva, ‘Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of senduduk leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2023, p. 012041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1228/1/012041
M. Shah, ‘Antibacterial effect of Melastoma malabathricum leaves extract against locally isolated bovine mastitis pathogens’, Food Res., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 13–24, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(S3).2
S. Handayani, ‘Formulasi Sabun Mandi Cair Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Manis Varietas Siam (Citrus Sinensis L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Surfaktan Sodium Lauril Sulfat, Cerata J. Ilmu Farm., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 43–48, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61902/cerata.v9i2.86
B. Kaczmarek, ‘Tannic acid with antiviral and antibacterial activity as a promising component of biomaterials—A minireview’, Materials, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 3224, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143224
E. Ginting, N. Karima, and O. S. B. Ginting, ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia) Sebagai Gel Pelembap’, Indones. J. Pharm. Clin. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v7i2.17967
M. R. Bhalekar, A. R. Madgulkar, and G. J. Kadam, ‘Evaluation of gelling agents for Clindamycin phosphate gel’, World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 2022–2033, 2015.
A. Bhattacharjee et al., ‘Development and optimization of besifloxacin hydrochloride loaded liposomal gel prepared by thin film hydration method using 32 full factorial design’, Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 585, p. 124071, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124071
R. Ridwanto, V. D. Rosa, Z. Rani, and Z. P. A. Fauzi, ‘Utilization of Chitosan from Fresh Water Lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) Shells in Anti-Acne Gel Preparations’, Trends Sci., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 7243–7243, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7243
D. Wulandari, G. K. Sari, and M. Saraswati, ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Facial Wash Gel Ekstrak Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata D.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol 940’, J. Farm. IKIFA, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 15–30, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33088/jp.v3i1.572
A. Maretta and Q. Helmy, ‘Degradasi Surfaktan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat Dengan Proses Fotokatalisis Menggunakan Nano Partikel ZnO’, J. Environ. Eng. ITB, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5614/jtl.2015.21.1.1
H. Lambers, S. Piessens, A. Bloem, H. Pronk, and P. Finkel, ‘Natural Skin Surface pH is on Average Below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora’, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 359–370, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x
C. Shi, Z. Zhang, and M. Crosby, Inflammation in Skin-Related Diseases. Frontiers Media SA, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-8325-5340-4
R. Pârvănescu et al., ‘Comparative Physicochemical and Pharmacotechnical Evaluation of Three Topical Gel-Cream Formulations’, Gels, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 532, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11070532
A. S. Marathe, A. D. Maru, T. P. Bagul, N. A. Chavan, and S. J. Thube, ‘A Comprehensive Review on Facewash’, Res. J. Top. Cosmet. Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5844.2024.00009
A. L. Zaenglein et al., ‘Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris’, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 945-973. e33, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037
W. W. Davis and T. R. Stout, ‘Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay: I. Factors influencing variability and error, Appl. Microbiol., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 659–665, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/am.22.4.659-665.1971
L. Othman, A. Sleiman, and R. M. Abdel-Massih, ‘Antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and alkaloids in Middle Eastern plants’, Front. Microbiol., vol. 10, p. 911, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911
I. N. K. Dewi, A. Rahmadani, S. Lestari, N. A. Putri, M. Fatah, and S. I. Nurjamah, ‘Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Sabun Cair Minyak Atsiri Minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea var. europaea)’, Indones. J. Health Sci., vol. 3, no. 2a, pp. 229–236, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v3i2a.456
T. T. Cushnie and A. J. Lamb, ‘Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids’, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99–107, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.014
B. Jia, Y. Ma, B. Liu, P. Chen, Y. Hu, and R. Zhang, ‘Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, structure-activity relationship, and molecular docking studies of indole diketopiperazine alkaloids’, Front. Chem., vol. 7, p. 837, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00837