Artikel Tinjauan: Sediaan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi Aloksan
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas sediaan ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi aloksan melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Proses kajian dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, dengan pencarian literatur pada basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar untuk periode 2015–2025. Dari 472 artikel yang diidentifikasi, sebanyak sembilan penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa seluruh penelitian melaporkan penurunan signifikan kadar glukosa darah setelah pemberian ekstrak daun kelor, baik dalam bentuk ekstrak air maupun ekstrak etanol. Dosis efektif yang digunakan berkisar antara 200–800 mg/kg berat badan, dengan efektivitas tertinggi pada dosis 400–450 mg/kg dan durasi pemberian 14–28 hari. Ekstrak air memberikan efek penurunan glukosa yang lebih cepat, sedangkan ekstrak etanol menunjukkan hasil yang lebih stabil dan bertahan lebih lama. Mekanisme antihiperglikemik ekstrak daun kelor mencakup stimulasi sekresi insulin, perlindungan sel β pankreas terhadap stres oksidatif, serta peningkatan sensitivitas insulin pada jaringan target. Kandungan flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan asam klorogenat berperan penting dalam mengatur metabolisme glukosa dan meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa Moringa oleifera L. berpotensi kuat sebagai kandidat fitofarmaka antidiabetes alami yang aman dan efektif, namun masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan metode ekstraksi yang terstandarisasi serta analisis molekuler mendalam untuk memperkuat landasan ilmiah pemanfaatannya.
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