Cream Scrub of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Ethanolic Extract as a Skin Moisturizer
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Abstract
Background: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C, which act as natural antioxidants. These compounds have potential as natural moisturizing agents that protect skin cells from damage caused by free radicals. Objective: This study aimed to formulate a cream scrub preparation containing the ethanolic extract of bitter melon fruit as a skin moisturizer and to determine the optimum concentration that produces the best formulation. Methods: This experimental laboratory study was conducted using various extract concentrations: F0 (blank), F1 (2.5%), F2 (3.5%), and F3 (4.5%). The formulations were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, pH, emulsion type, skin moisture, and irritation tests. Results: All formulations met the physicochemical requirements, showing stable organoleptic characteristics, pH values of 4.9–5.8, an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion type, and no skin irritation. The F2 (3.5%) formulation demonstrated optimum results with a water content of 61.56% (very moist) and an oil content of 27.6% (neutral), indicating the best skin hydration capability compared to other formulations. Conclusion: The cream scrub containing the ethanolic extract of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) at a concentration of 3.5% (F2) is the optimum formula, providing the best moisturizing effect and proven safe for use. Further research is recommended to analyze free fatty acid content and antibacterial activity.
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