Pengaruh Konsentrasi dari Gliserol Terhadap Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Pati dari Kulit Singkong
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Indonesia merupakan produsen sampah plastik terbesar kedua di dunia, sementara plastik konvensional memiliki waktu dekomposisi yang panjang dan berpotensi menghasilkan emisi berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan bioplastik biodegradable menjadi penting. Kulit singkong yang melimpah berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pati, dengan gliserol sebagai plasticizer dan kitosan sebagai bahan penguat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi gliserol (0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 mL) terhadap karakteristik gugus fungsi dan sifat termal bioplastik berbasis pati kulit singkong–kitosan. Bioplastik disintesis dengan mencampurkan pati dan kitosan pada rasio 8:2, diikuti penambahan gliserol dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Hasil FTIR menunjukkan tidak terbentuknya gugus fungsi baru, namun terjadi pergeseran dan pelebaran pita serapan –OH yang mengindikasikan interaksi fisik berupa ikatan hidrogen antara pati, kitosan, dan gliserol. Analisis DSC menunjukkan bahwa variasi gliserol berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat termal bioplastik, dengan nilai suhu leleh (Tm) tertinggi pada penambahan 6 mL gliserol (160,67 °C) dan terendah pada 8 mL gliserol (129,33 °C). Formulasi 8 mL gliserol menunjukkan nilai entalpi fusi tertinggi (321,73 J/g). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gliserol sebesar 6 mL menghasilkan kondisi plastisasi paling optimal dengan stabilitas termal tertinggi, sedangkan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi menyebabkan plastisasi berlebih. Formulasi optimum berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai material kemasan ramah lingkungan.
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