Integrasi Profil Fitokimia Berbasis GC–MS dan Evaluasi Farmakologis In Vivo dalam Menilai Potensi Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Scleria sumatrensis Retz. pada Model Tikus Diabetes Induksi Aloksan.
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Penelitian ini mengevaluasi aktivitas antidiabetes dan profil fitokimia ekstrak etanol Scleria sumatrensis Retz. menggunakan model tikus diabetes induksi aloksan. Diabetes diinduksi dengan injeksi intraperitoneal aloksan (150 mg/kgBB) setelah puasa 12 jam, dan kadar glukosa darah puasa diukur pada GD1 (sebelum induksi), GD2 (72 jam setelah induksi), dan GD3 (hari ke-14 perlakuan). Analisis GC–MS mengidentifikasi beberapa senyawa utama, termasuk ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside, ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate, phytol, tokoferol, dan β-sitosterol, yang diketahui berperan dalam peningkatan sensitivitas insulin, modulasi jalur PPAR-γ, perlindungan antioksidan terhadap sel β pankreas, serta penghambatan pencernaan karbohidrat. Tikus dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif (vehicle), kontrol positif (metformin 45 mg/kgBB), dan perlakuan ekstrak (75, 150, dan 300 mg/kgBB). Persentase penurunan glukosa dari GD2 ke GD3 dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut Tukey. Ekstrak menunjukkan penurunan glukosa yang signifikan dan bergantung dosis (p < 0.001). Semua dosis ekstrak berbeda signifikan dari kontrol negatif, dan dosis 300 mg/kgBB menunjukkan efektivitas sebanding dengan metformin. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Scleria sumatrensis memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemia yang kuat, konsisten dengan komposisi fitokimianya. Studi lanjutan diperlukan untuk memverifikasi mekanisme dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif utamanya.
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