Hipnoterapi Dalam Manajemen Nyeri Pada Pasien Kanker: A Systematic Review
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Page: 2512-2521
Abstrak
Kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari 20 juta kasus baru dan hampir 10 juta kematian secara global menurut IARC tahun 2020. Di Indonesia, jumlah kasus baru mencapai 408.661 dengan angka kematian sebesar 242.988 jiwa pada tahun 2022. Peningkatan ini menimbulkan berbagai konsekuensi klinis, termasuk nyeri sebagai keluhan yang paling sering dialami oleh pasien kanker dan secara signifikan memengaruhi kualitas hidup mereka. Salah satu pendekatan yang mulai banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi nyeri adalah terapi nonfarmakologis seperti hipnoterapi, yang dinilai mampu mengurangi intensitas nyeri tanpa menimbulkan efek samping seriu. Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas terapi hipnosis dalam manajemen nyeri pada pasien kanker melalui telaah sistematis terhadap enam artikel yang dipilih dari lima database internasional: ScienceDirect, Ebsco, PubMed, ProQuest, dan Sage Journals. Seluruh artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi berupa desain Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) dan meta-analisis dengan publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Lima dari enam studi menunjukkan bahwa terapi hipnosis efektif dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri, sedangkan satu studi tidak menunjukkan efek signifikan. Selain itu, beberapa studi mengeksplorasi kombinasi terapi hipnosis dengan intervensi lain seperti terapi musik dan terapi perilaku kognitif. Hasil telaah ini mengindikasikan bahwa hipnoterapi dapat menjadi intervensi komplementer yang efektif untuk mendukung manajemen nyeri pasien kanker. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode dan sampel yang lebih luas untuk memperkuat bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas terapi ini.
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