Potensi Farmakologis Genus Chloranthus Sebagai Agen Antioksidan, Sitotoksik, Dan Anti-Inflamasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
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Genus Chloranthus (famili Chloranthaceae) telah lama dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional Asia sebagai agen antiinflamasi, namun eksplorasi ilmiahnya dalam dekade terakhir mengungkap potensi farmakologis yang jauh lebih luas. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bukti eksperimental terkini mengenai aktivitas antioksidan, sitotoksik, dan antiinflamasi dari senyawa Chloranthus, serta mengelaborasi mekanisme molekuler yang terlibat. Studi dipilih melalui pencarian terstruktur di basis data ilmiah menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci spesifik, diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi-eksklusi yang ketat, dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil menunjukkan dominasi senyawa seskuiterpenoid, khususnya tipe lindenana (monomer, dimer, trimer), yang secara konsisten menunjukkan aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui inhibisi jalur NF-κB, MAPK, dan modulasi inflammasom NLRP3. Selain itu, aktivitas antioksidan melalui jalur Nrf2/Keap1 dan efek sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker turut diidentifikasi. Hubungan erat antara stres oksidatif dan inflamasi tercermin pada senyawa dengan aktivitas ganda yang menekan ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) sekaligus sitokin proinflamasi. Temuan ini menegaskan Chloranthus sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif yang menjanjikan untuk pengembangan obat multitaraf. Penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan multidisiplin diperlukan untuk validasi in vivo, elusidasi mekanisme lanjutan, dan eksplorasi sumber hayati baru.
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