Penetapan Kadar Asam Klorogenat dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak NADES dari Biji Kopi Hijau Robusta (Coffea canephora) Menggunakan Metode MAE dan UAE sebagai Bahan Baku Kosmetik
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Antioksidan berperan penting dalam melindungi sel-sel kulit dari radikal bebas yang menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif, sehingga mendukung kesehatan kulit manusia. Antioksidan alami banyak ditemukan dalam tumbuhan, terutama pada biji kopi Robusta hijau (Coffea canephora) yang kaya akan asam klorogenat, senyawa utama yang berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Untuk memperoleh senyawa bioaktif ini secara efektif, diperlukan metode ekstraksi yang efisien. Teknik modern seperti Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) dan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) dapat meningkatkan perpindahan massa dan mempercepat waktu ekstraksi dibanding metode konvensional. Penelitian ini menentukan kadar asam klorogenat menggunakan Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry (TLC-densitometri) dan mengukur aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak NADES (betaine–triethylene glycol) biji kopi Robusta hijau yang diekstraksi dengan metode UAE dan MAE. Kapasitas antioksidan dianalisis menggunakan uji DPPH. Hasil menunjukkan kadar asam klorogenat pada MAE (3,64 mg AK/g ekstrak ± 0,06) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan UAE (2,69 mg AK/g ekstrak ± 0,04). Nilai IC₅₀ aktivitas antioksidan adalah 3266,66 μg/mL ± 67,97 (UAE) dan 2598,05 μg/mL ± 29,42 (MAE). Jika dinyatakan sebagai ekivalen asam klorogenat, nilai IC₅₀ masing-masing sebesar 9,04 ± 0,13 μg/mL (UAE) dan 9,44 ± 0,07 μg/mL (MAE). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode NADES-MAE dapat menjadi metode yang menjanjikan untuk mendapatkan bahan baku kaya antioksidan terutama untuk formulasi kosmetika.
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