Suplementasi Asam Folat pada Wanita Hamil Trimester Pertama untuk Pencegahan Preeklampsia: Studi Kohort Retrospektif
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Preeclampsia adalah gangguan yang ditandai dengan hipertensi dan proteinuria yang muncul selama kehamilan. Berbagai vitamin dapat mempengaruhi konsumsi makanan selama kehamilan. Namun, banyak ibu yang mengabaikan untuk mengonsumsi suplemen asam folat untuk pencegahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi variabel risiko dan efikasi dosis yang terkait dengan penggunaan asam folat. Studi ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan kerangka kohort dan memanfaatkan pengumpulan data retrospektif. Data dikumpulkan dari Apotek Cahaya Ibu di Makassar, mencakup total 164 pasien. Sebuah studi statistik chi-square menunjukkan adanya asosiasi risiko yang substansial antara wanita hamil dan onset hipertensi dibandingkan dengan individu yang tidak hamil, dengan nilai p sebesar 0,001. Wanita hamil memiliki resiko dua kali lipat, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh rasio odds sebesar 1,9. Studi data uji Fisher menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara usia pasien dan kondisi hipertensi. Temuan menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi substansial antara kedua variabel tersebut, dengan nilai p sebesar 0,523. Temuan menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara mitigasi risiko tekanan darah tinggi dan konsumsi asam folat. Penggunaan asam folat sejak dini selama perencanaan kehamilan secara signifikan mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya preeklampsia. Faktor risiko untuk preeklampsia termasuk konsumsi asam folat yang tidak cukup, durasi suplementasi asam folat, dan status kehamilan individu dengan risiko penyakit hingga 98%. Kurang dari usia 30 tahun, konsumsi asam folat dapat mengurangi risiko.
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Referensi
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