Potensi Sitotoksik Ekstrak Rizoma Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara 4T1
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Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara 4T1 merupakan salah satu jenis kanker payudara murine Triple-Negative (TNBC) yang memiliki kemampuan metastasis yang kuat. Senyawa metabolit tanaman merupakan salah satu strategi yang perlu dieksplorasi untuk mengembangkan pengobatan kanker payudara. Rimpang jahe merah merupakan salah satu kandidat tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Sebelumnya, penelitian sitotoksik telah dilakukan terhadap sel kanker Widr dan Hela. Namun, penelitian terhadap sel kanker payudara masih kurang, sehingga perlu dikembangkan. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi sitotoksik secara in-vitro menggunakan uji MTT. Metode untuk memperoleh ekstrak rimpang jahe merah adalah dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% yang kemudian dianalisis senyawa metabolit sekundernya. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang jahe merah mengandung senyawa flavonoid, fenolik, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin. Sedangkan pada uji sitotoksik, ekstrak rimpang jahe merah dan doksorubisin memiliki potensi sitotoksik yang baik dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 69,86 µg/mL dan 0,4 µg/mL. Ekstrak rimpang jahe merah dan doksorubisin tergolong sitotoksik aktif dan sangat aktif. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang jahe merah menunjukkan potensi sitotoksik sebagai kandidat terapi yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara 4T1 hingga 50%. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak rimpang jahe merah berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen kemoterapi.
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