Analisis dan Faktor Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Daerah Pesisir Surabaya
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Abstrak
Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang pada umumnya memerlukan terapi kombinasi. Penggunaan kombinasi terapi antihipertensi dan terapi jangka panjang memerlukan pemantauan efek potensi interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil interaksi obat terkait tingkat keparahan dan mekanismenya. Metode penelitian deskriptif dan observasional resep di beberapa apotek di wilayah pesisir pantai Surabaya. Sampel pada penelitian adalah resep yang terdiri dari antihipertensi dengan obat lain. Hasil menunjukkan sebanyak 43% potensi interaksi obat-obat. Interaksi farmakodinamik sedikit lebih dominan (49%) dibandingkan farmakokinetik (45%), sedangkan tingkat keparahan interaksi obat yang paling tinggi yaitu ringan (49%), sedang (39%) dan berat (12%). Interaksi obat dengan tingkat sedang adalah amlodipine-metformin, yang dapat menurunkan efek farmakologis metformin. Oleh karena itu, apoteker perlu memantau kadar gula darah secara rutin. Interaksi serius memiliki kejadian terendah tetapi efeknya bisa berbahaya sehingga apoteker perlu memantau pasien yang menerima obat dengan interaksi dengan tingkat serius. Salah satunya adalah amlodipine dan simvastatin yang dapat meningkatkan risiko rhabdomiolisis akibat statin. Apoteker mempunyai peran penting dalam memantau efek interaksi obat pada pasien hipertensi. Pasien mendapatkan efek terapi yang maksimal dengan interaksi obat yang minimal atau mencegah interaksi obat.
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Referensi
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