Optimasi metode ekstraksi air umbi talas Jepang (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott)): analisis aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan flavonoid, dan kadar luteolin
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Abstrak
Talas Jepang (Colocasia esculenta) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimakan dan mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti flavonoid, fenolat, triterpenoid, tanin, dan vitamin C yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh manusia. Senyawa tersebut juga diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstraksi yang tepat dapat menghasilkan ekstrak yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan metode ekstraksi pada umbi talas Jepang. Umbi talas diekstraksi menggunakan air dengan tiga suhu yang berbeda (suhu kamar, 40℃, dan 60℃). Metode ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) digunakan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak air, selain itu ditentukan juga kandungan flavonoid total dengan uji kolorimetri, dan analisa kandungan luteolin dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) Densitometri. Kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak talas pada suhu kamar (TERT), 40°C (TE 40), dan 60°C (TE 60) berturut-turut adalah 13,97±3,52 mg QE/gr ekstrak; 7,99±2,10 mg QE/gr ekstrak; dan 5,98±0,49 mg QE/gr ekstrak. Kandungan luteolin dari TERT, TE40, dan TE60 masing-masing adalah 0,27% ± 0,08; 0,25% ± 0,06; dan 0,31% ± 0,05. Nilai IC50 antioksidan TERT, TE40, dan TE60 masing-masing adalah 120,32; 137,03; dan 159,37 µg/mL. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar suhu dalam proses ekstraksi, maka kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan antioksidan semakin berkurang. Meskipun terdapat sedikit perbedaan dalam menentukan kadar luteolin, namun kadar luteolin optimum diperoleh pada suhu 60°C selama 6 jam.
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