Potensi Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) dalam Penanganan Diabetes Tipe 2 dan Risiko Ketoasidosis pada Pasien Diabetes
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Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan prevalensi yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama DM tipe 2. Sebelum adanya insulin sebagai terapi DM, terlebih dahulu dikenal diet ketogenik sebagai terapi nonfarmakologi utama, yaitu diet asupan tinggi lemak, protein yang cukup, dan rendah karbohidrat. Diet ketogenik menyebabkan terjadinya proses ketogenesis dan menghasilkan badan keton, salah satunya beta-hidroksibutirat (BHB) yang memiliki berbagai efek terapeutik seperti penurunan kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini merupakan narrative review yang disusun dengan melakukan penelusuran pustaka pada basis data Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Analisis bibliometrik juga dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak VOSviewer untuk mengetahui kata kunci yang relevan terhadap topik penelitian. Hasil review yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa BHB memiliki potensi sebagai agen terapeutik pada penderita DM2 dengan berbagai mekanisme kerja dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah, yaitu peningkatan sekresi insulin, penekanan lipolisis, dan penurunan pelepasan Ala. BHB sebagai suplemen telah banyak diteliti efek terapeutiknya namun perlu diperhatikan efek samping yang dapat terjadi seperti ketoasidosis.
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