Karakterisasi Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Jelatang Liar (Urtica dioica L.)
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Urtica dioica L. (jelatang liar) merupakan tanaman yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan obat tradisional serta diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi ekstrak etanol 70% U. dioica berdasarkan parameter mutu, kandungan flavonoid total, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Akar, batang, dan daun U. dioica dikombinasikan dan diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi selama 3 × 24 jam. Karakterisasi ekstrak meliputi penetapan kadar air dan kadar abu secara gravimetri, kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode kolorimetri aluminium klorida dengan kuersetin sebagai standar, serta aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode penangkapan radikal DPPH. Ekstraksi menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 9,95% berdasarkan bobot simplisia kering. Ekstrak memiliki kadar air sebesar 19,71 ± 0,29%, kadar abu sebesar 32,13 ± 0,96%, dan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 1,8765 ± 0,0079 g QE/100 g sampel, setara dengan 18,77 mg QE/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan persentase inhibisi radikal DPPH sebesar 66,54 ± 0,11% pada kondisi pengujian yang digunakan. Temuan ini memberikan data dasar mengenai karakteristik fisikokimia dan fitokimia ekstrak kombinasi akar, batang, dan daun U. dioica yang dapat mendukung penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai standardisasi ekstrak dan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif.
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