Perbandingan Respons Penyembuhan Jaringan Periodontal pada Anak Stunting dan Status Gizi Normal Berdasarkan Profil Interleukin-6
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Pendahuluan: Stunting berdampak jangka panjang terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak serta dapat berkaitan dengan kesehatan rongga mulut dan respons imun. Gingivitis merupakan kondisi inflamasi periodontal yang ditandai oleh aktivasi berbagai mediator inflamasi, termasuk Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak usia 6–12 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Kilangan, Kota Padang.Tujuan: Membandingkan respons periodontal setelah terapi Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) pada anak stunting dan anak dengan status gizi normal berdasarkan parameter klinis dan kadar IL-6 saliva. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest–posttest group design melibatkan 60 anak usia 6–12 tahun dengan gingivitis yang dipilih secara simple random sampling, terdiri atas 30 anak stunting dan 30 anak dengan status gizi normal. Parameter klinis meliputi Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) dan Gingival Index (GI), sedangkan parameter molekuler kadar IL-6. Seluruh parameter diukur sebelum SRP dan empat minggu setelah SRP. Hasil: Terjadi perbaikan bermakna pada parameter klinis periodontal setelah SRP pada kedua kelompok. Kadar IL-6 juga menurun bermakna pada kelompok stunting dan status gizi normal, masing-masing sebesar 2,37 pg/mL (p<0,001) dan 3,36 pg/mL (p=0,002). Simpulan: Terapi SRP menghasilkan perbaikan parameter klinis periodontal dan penurunan kadar IL-6 saliva pada anak stunting maupun anak dengan status gizi normal. Namun, respons perbaikan klinis pada anak stunting lebih rendah dibandingkan anak dengan status gizi normal. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa respons penyembuhan periodontal dipengaruhi oleh faktor lokal dan sistemik.Pengelolaan periodontal pada anak dengan stunting perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi sistemik, termasuk status gizi dan edukasi kesehatan mulut.
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