Prevalensi, Profil, dan Outcome Koinfeksi Tuberkulosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan Surakarta
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Page: 2080-2089
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Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan kasus tuberkulosis tertinggi di dunia dan mengalami peningkatan jumlah kasus HIV setiap tahun. Koinfeksi TB-HIV memiliki dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap sistem imun dan luaran pengobatan pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai prevalensi, profil sosiodemografi dan klinis, serta luaran pengobatan pasien dengan koinfeksi TB-HIV di salah satu rumah sakit rujukan di Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional retrospektif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit rujukan di Surakarta pada periode Januari hingga Desember 2024. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien rawat jalan koinfeksi TB-HIV yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (pasien TB berusia >18 tahun yang dinyatakan positif HIV). Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi karakteristik sosiodemografi (usia, jenis kelamin, tempat tinggal, pekerjaan), jumlah sel CD4, berat badan, dan luaran pengobatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil: Dari 325 rekam medis pasien HIV, ditemukan 61 pasien dengan koinfeksi TB-HIV, sehingga prevalensi sebesar 18,77%. Proporsi tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok usia 41-50 tahun (26,20%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (68,90%), dan pasien yang memiliki pekerjaan (82,00%). Sebagian besar pasien berasal dari wilayah perdesaan (57,20%). Dari 22 pasien dengan data CD4 lengkap, 15 pasien (24,60%) memiliki jumlah CD4 ≥300 sel/mm³ dan 7 pasien (11,50%) memiliki CD4 <300 sel/mm³. Rata-rata berat badan pasien adalah 53,84 kg. Luaran pengobatan menunjukkan angka kesembuhan sebesar 37,70%, sedangkan luaran tidak optimal terdiri atas loss to follow up (29,50%), meninggal (8,20%), gagal terapi (8,20%), kambuh (8,20%), dan pasien dirujuk keluar (3,30%). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi koinfeksi TB-HIV di rumah sakit rujukan Surakarta sebesar 18,77% dengan karakteristik pasien didominasi oleh laki-laki usia produktif. Angka keberhasilan pengobatan masih rendah (37,70%) di bawah target WHO (>85%). Koinfeksi TB-HIV memerlukan penanganan serius, dan skrining HIV pada pasien TB perlu menjadi prioritas untuk mendukung diagnosis dini serta meningkatkan luaran pengobatan kedua penyakit tersebut.
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