Potensi Antidiabetes Teh Celup Ekstrak Tinospora crispa (L.) dan Stevia rebaudiana Menggunakan Teknik Co-Processing Granulasi Basah
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Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus memerlukan terapi herbal yang praktis dengan mutu fisik terkendali. Tinospora crispa (L.) dikenal memiliki potensi antidiabetes melalui kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid, sedangkan Stevia rebaudiana berperan sebagai pemanis alami dan berpotensi memberikan efek metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik dan potensi antidiabetes teh celup kombinasi ekstrak Tinospora crispa (L.) dan serbuk Stevia rebaudiana yang dibuat menggunakan teknik ko-proses granulasi basah. Metode: Tiga formula dikembangkan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak Tinospora crispa (L.) 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode ultrasonik dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi kadar air, keseragaman bobot, waktu seduh, pH seduhan, dan homogenitas. Uji in vivo eksploratif dilakukan pada 15 mencit Swiss Webster yang diinduksi aloksan (n=3/kelompok) selama 7 hari. Analisis statistik menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan Tukey HSD (α=0,05). Hasil: Rendemen ekstrak sebesar 39,07%. Seluruh formula homogen dengan bobot isi seragam 2 g. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antarformula pada kadar air (p=0,001; η²=0,895), waktu seduh (p=0,006; η²=0,822), dan pH seduhan (p=0,031; η²=0,687). Pada uji in vivo, kontrol positif dan seluruh kelompok formula menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan glukosa darah, sedangkan kontrol negatif melampaui batas deteksi glukometer (>500 mg/dL) pada hari ke-5 hingga ke-7. Formula dengan ekstrak 10% (F2) menunjukkan penurunan deskriptif terbesar dari 210,67 menjadi 88,00 mg/dL (58,23%).Kesimpulan: Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak memengaruhi beberapa parameter mutu fisik, namun tidak terdapat formula yang unggul pada seluruh parameter. Temuan in vivo menunjukkan kecenderungan aktivitas antidiabetes, tetapi diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan ukuran sampel lebih besar, kontrol plasebo, standardisasi senyawa aktif, dan evaluasi keamanan untuk konfirmasi efektivitas dan mekanisme kerja.
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