Optimasi Formula Kombucha Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Dalam Sediaan Sabun Mandi Cair Dengan Metode Factorial design
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Pendahuluan: Sabun mandi cair berbasis bahan alami semakin diminati sebagai pembersih kulit multifungsi sekaligus memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) kaya akan senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan antosianin yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri, yang dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses fermentasi menjadi kombucha. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi formula sabun mandi cair kombucha bunga telang menggunakan metode factorial design serta mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik dan aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.Metode: Optimasi dilakukan dengan rancangan faktorial 2² dilengkapi titik pusat menggunakan perangkat lunak Design-Expert®, dengan variasi waktu fermentasi kombucha (7, 10,5, dan 14 hari) dan konsentrasi kombucha (20%, 30%, dan 40%). Parameter respon yang dioptimasi meliputi pH, viskositas, dan stabilitas busa. Formula optimum dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya menggunakan metode freeze-thaw cycling selama 6 siklus dan diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap S. aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil: Formula optimum diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi 10,5 hari dan konsentrasi kombucha 20% dengan nilai desirability 0,874. Formula optimum menunjukkan pH 5,23 ± 0,15, viskositas 1674,0 ± 8,76 cP, dan stabilitas busa 73,67 ± 1,53%. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan nilai aktual berada dalam rentang prediction interval 95%, sehingga model optimasi dinyatakan valid. Uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan signifikan pada organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, maupun stabilitas busa setelah 6 siklus freeze-thaw. Formula optimum menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri kuat terhadap S. aureus dengan diameter zona hambat 13,67 ± 0,29 mm. Kesimpulan: Formula optimum sabun mandi cair kombucha bunga telang memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik, stabil secara fisik, dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sabun mandi cair antibakteri berbasis bahan alam.
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