Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Mood Stabilizer pada Pasien Bipolar Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa di Kota Padang
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Abstrak
Gangguan bipolar merupakan gangguan psikiatri kronis yang memerlukan terapi farmakologis jangka panjang untuk mengendalikan gejala dan menurunkan risiko kekambuhan. Mood stabilizer memiliki peran penting dalam penatalaksanaan penyakit ini, namun penggunaan yang tidak tepat dapat menurunkan efektivitas terapi dan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketepatan penggunaan mood stabilizer pada pasien gangguan bipolar rawat jalan di sebuah rumah sakit jiwa di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data rekam medis pasien selama periode Januari hingga Desember 2023. Sebanyak 28 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis, dengan total 220 kunjungan rawat jalan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik sosiodemografi, kondisi klinis, dan penggunaan obat. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan empat parameter, yaitu ketepatan indikasi, ketepatan pasien, ketepatan pemilihan obat, dan ketepatan dosis dengan mengacu pada pedoman farmakoterapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan (78,57%) dan berada pada kelompok usia 18–59 tahun (75%). Ketepatan indikasi, pasien, dan pemilihan obat masing-masing mencapai 83,18%, menunjukkan bahwa praktik peresepan secara umum sudah rasional. Namun, ketepatan dosis hanya mencapai 54,55%, yang menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat penggunaan dosis yang kurang optimal pada sebagian besar kunjungan. Meskipun sebagian besar aspek penggunaan mood stabilizer sudah tepat, ketepatan dosis masih menjadi permasalahan utama yang dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi dan keselamatan pasien. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan kepatuhan terhadap pedoman klinis serta evaluasi terapi secara berkala untuk mengoptimalkan hasil pengobatan pada pasien dengan gangguan bipolar.
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