Peran protektif bromelain dan flavonoid dalam kulit nanas terhadap kerusakan sel kulit akibat paparan sinar UV: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis.
Bilah Samping Artikel
Isi Artikel Utama
Page: 771-782
Abstrak
Paparan radiasi ultraviolet (UV) merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan sel kulit melalui mekanisme kerusakan DNA, stres oksidatif, dan aktivasi jalur inflamasi. Perlindungan kulit umumnya menggunakan tabir surya, namun meningkatnya minat terhadap agen alami mendorong eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif dari limbah pertanian, seperti kulit nanas (Ananas comosus). Limbah ini mengandung flavonoid dan bromelain yang memiliki potensi antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan fotoprotektif. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menilai bukti ilmiah mengenai peran protektif senyawa tersebut terhadap kerusakan kulit akibat UV. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar sesuai pedoman PRISMA. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian in vitro, in vivo, dan formulasi yang mengevaluasi efek kulit nanas terhadap parameter kerusakan kulit, termasuk stres oksidatif, modulasi sitokin, enzim antioksidan, dan nilai faktor perlindungan matahari (SPF). Delapan studi memenuhi kriteria. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formulasi yang mengandung ekstrak kulit nanas, seperti krim, gel, losion, atau biokomposit meningkatkan nilai SPF dari proteksi rendah hingga ultra. Flavonoid berperan dalam penetralan radikal bebas, pengurangan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS), dan modulasi efek antiinflamasi. Bromelain mendukung viabilitas sel fibroblas yang terpapar UV dan meningkatkan efektivitas tabir surya sintetis seperti octyl methoxycinnamate. Kulit nanas memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai sumber bahan aktif alami untuk fotoproteksi melalui efek flavonoid dan bromelain. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain yang terstandarisasi dan uji klinis diperlukan sebelum dapat diterapkan dalam formulasi kosmetik dan terapeutik berkelanjutan.
Unduhan
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Referensi
Hossain RA, Murshedul IM, Fuad AAM, Saqline MM, Zihad MM, Nurul AM, et al. Overview of skin cancer types and prevalence rates across continents. Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy. 2025 Mar;03(02):89–100. Available from: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.08.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpt.2024.08.002
Pfeifer GP. Mechanisms of UV-induced mutations and skin cancer. Genome Instab Dis [Internet]. 2020 May;1(3):99–113. Available from: 10.1007/s42764-020-00009-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42764-020-00009-8
Gromkowska-Kepka KJ, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Zukowska R, Socha K. The impact of ultraviolet radiation on skin photoaging - review of in vitro studies. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20:3427–31. Available from: 10.1111/jocd.14033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14033
Marissa Z, Mita SR, Kusumawulan CK, Sriwidodo S. Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activity of Bromelain Cream: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cosmetics [Internet]. 2025;12(2):1–16. Available from: 10.3390/cosmetics12020041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12020041
Zhao H chao, Xiao T, Chen Y jie. Ultraviolet Induced Skin Inflammation. 2021;4(4):229–35. Available from: 10.1097/JD9.0000000000000144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JD9.0000000000000144
Liu HM, Cheng MY, Xun MH, Zhao ZW, Zhang Y, Tang W, et al. Possible Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Skin Cellular Senescence, Inflammation, and Cancer and the Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3755. Available from: 10.3390/ijms24043755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043755
Zhao C, Wu S, Wang H. Medicinal Plant Extracts Targeting UV-Induced Skin Damage : Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2025;26(2278):1–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052278
Hikal WM, Mahmoud AA, Ahl HAHS al, Bratovcic A, Tkachenko KG, Kačániová M, et al. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.), Waste Streams , Characterisation and Valorisation : An Overview. Open J Ecol [Internet]. 2021;11:610–34. Available from: 10.4236/oje.2021.119039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2021.119039
Polanía AM, Londoño L, Ramírez C, Bolivar G, Aguilar CN. Valorization of pineapple waste as novel source of nutraceuticals and biofunctional compounds. Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2023;13(5):3593–618. Available from: 10.1007/s13399-022-02811-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02811-8
Mori A, Lee WR. Protective effect of bromelain and pineapple extracts on UV-induced damage in human skin cells. J Emerg Investig [Internet]. 2023;(3):4–9. Available from: 10.59720/22-050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59720/22-050
Wongkom L, Jimtaisong A. Novel biocomposite of carboxymethyl chitosan and pineapple peel carboxymethylcellulose as sunscreen carrier. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2017;95:873–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.069
Damogalad V, Jaya Edy H, Sri Supriati H. Formulasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Nanas (Ananas Comosus L Merr) Dan Uji in Vitro Nilai Sun Protecting Factor (Spf). PHARMACON Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi – UNSRAT [Internet]. 2013;2(02):2302–493. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.2.2013.1577
Harmonyzha GK, Syamsurizal S, Maharini I. Optimasi krim tabir surya menggunakan kombinasi ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan ekstrak kulit pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences [Internet]. 2023;(1):260–7. Available from: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i5-si.411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i5-si.411
Karlina N, Diniatik, Rahayu WS. Aktivitas Tabir Surya Kulit Nanas Madu (Ananas Comosus L) Merr dari Tiga Tempat Tumbuh. Prosiding Saintek Semnas MIPAKes Umri. 2021;2:232–41.
Lubis MS, Rani Z, Wahyuni W, Arlian RY. Test of sunscreen activity of pineapple weevil ethanol extract (ananas comosus (L.) merr.) in gel and lotion preparations. AMCA Journal of Science and Technology [Internet]. 2023;3(1):7–12. Available from: 10.51773/ajst.v3i1.196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51773/ajst.v3i1.196
Mutiah R, Sukma YC, Megawati DS, Annisa R. Formulation and characterization of sunscreen microemulsion of pineapple extract (ananas comosus (l.)) with synergistic efficacy on sun protection factor (spf). Journal of Islamic Pharmacy [Internet]. 2019;4(1):9. Available from: 10.18860/jip.v4i1.7727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v4i1.7727
Varilla C, Marcone M, Paiva L, Baptista J. Bromelain, a group of pineapple proteolytic complex enzymes (Ananas comosus) and their possible therapeutic and clinical effects. a summary. Foods [Internet]. 2021;10(10). Available from: 10.3390/foods10102249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102249
Kim M, Jung K, Kim IS, Lee IS, Ko Y, Shin JE, et al. TNF-α induces human neural progenitor cell survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation by activating the NF-κB pathway. Exp Mol Med [Internet]. 2018;50(4):1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-018-0033-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-018-0033-1
Candel S, de Oliveira S, López-Muñoz A, García-Moreno D, Espín-Palazón R, Tyrkalska SD, et al. Tnfa Signaling Through Tnfr2 Protects Skin Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Inflammation. PLoS Biol [Internet]. 2014;12(5). Available from: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001855