Permasalahan Terkait Obat pada Pasien Skizofrenia Rawat Inap: Tinjauan Sistematik Mengenai Prevalensi dan Intervensi
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Abstrak
Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan mental berat yang memiliki prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Terapi skizofrenia bersifat kronis dan sering menimbulkan Drug-Related Problems (DRP), terutama pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk memetakan prevalensi dan jenis DRP yang paling sering terjadi serta mengevaluasi dampak keterlibatan apoteker klinik dalam mengatasi DRP. Pencarian literatur dilakukan menggunakan enam basis data elektronik (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Proquest, dan Springer Nature) yang diterbitkan antara Januari 2009 dan Desember 2024. 11 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari sembilan studi cross-sectional dan dua studi quasi-experimental, dengan total lebih dari 61.000 pasien skizofrenia rawat inap. Prevalensi DRP dilaporkan bervariasi antara 52,8% dan 100%, tergantung pada desain studi dan metode identifikasi DRP. Studi yang menggunakan telaah pengobatan terstruktur melaporkan beban DRP yang lebih tinggi, yaitu 0.75-2,5 DRP per pasien. Jenis DRP yang paling sering diidentifikasi meliputi polifarmasi, interaksi obat, pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat, dan masalah dosis. Efek samping QTc prolongation dilaporkan pada 2,5-8,26% pasien. Keterlibatan apoteker klinis dilaporkan pada tiga studi, dengan tingkat penerimaan rekomendasi oleh dokter sebesar 49-50%. DRP merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap, dan keterlibatan apoteker klinik berpotensi meningkatkan rasionalitas serta keselamatan terapi obat.
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