Efek Fitokimia Bunga Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Terhadap Fotoaging: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
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Fotoaging merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penuaan kulit dini yang terutama disebabkan oleh paparan kronis radiasi ultraviolet (UV). Stres oksidatif akibat UV, inflamasi, serta degradasi matriks ekstraseluler menyebabkan munculnya keriput, hiperpigmentasi, dan penurunan elastisitas kulit. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mekanisme fitokimia dari Tagetes erecta serta menilai relevansi klinisnya dalam mencegah fotoaging. Pencarian literatur sistematis dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, Science Direct, dan Europe PMC untuk publikasi tahun 2016 hingga 2026 dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Studi yang diikutsertakan adalah penelitian yang mengevaluasi Tagetes erecta atau senyawa fitokimia yang diketahui terkandung di dalamnya (seperti lutein, zeaxanthin, flavonoid, dan asam fenolat) pada model photoaging akibat paparan UV. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Tagetes erecta mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang mampu menurunkan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), meningkatkan sistem antioksidan endogen, menghambat ekspresi Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP), serta menjaga integritas kolagen. Studi klinis yang mengevaluasi karotenoid dan fitokimia terkait yang juga terdapat dalam Tagetes erecta melaporkan perbaikan pada dosis eritema minimal, elastisitas kulit, hidrasi, pigmentasi, serta tampilan keriput. Namun demikian, hanya satu penelitian yang secara langsung mengevaluasi Tagetes erecta dalam konteks photoaging, sehingga bukti yang tersedia masih terbatas dan belum cukup kuat untuk menarik kesimpulan klinis yang definitif. Oleh karena itu, bukti klinis saat ini masih bersifat tidak langsung. Secara keseluruhan, Tagetes erecta merupakan sumber fitokimia yang menjanjikan dengan dukungan mekanistik yang kuat, namun masih diperlukan penelitian klinis yang lebih lanjut dan terkontrol dengan baik.
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Referensi
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