Dampak Telemedisin terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di Beberapa Negara Maju dan Berkembang: Tinjauan Sistematis
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Abstrak
Telemedisin adalah teknologi telekomunikasi dalam perawatan kesehatan yang telah berkembang pesat, terutama selama pandemi COVID-19. Implementasinya bervariasi antara negara maju dan negara berkembang, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang dampaknya terhadap kepuasan pasien dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak telemedisin terhadap kepuasan pasien di negara maju dan negara berkembang serta untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kunci yang memengaruhi kepuasan guna memberikan informasi untuk perbaikan model penyampaian telemedisin. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan menggunakan basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Web of Science. Pencarian menggunakan kata kunci yang terkait dengan telemedisin dan kepuasan pasien. Kriteria inklusi berfokus pada artikel yang ditinjau sejawat yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2025, menghasilkan 14 studi (tujuh dari negara maju dan tujuh dari negara berkembang) yang dianalisis. Data diekstrak dan disintesis mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Analisis mengidentifikasi 14 studi yang memenuhi syarat. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa telemedisin umumnya memiliki dampak positif pada kepuasan pasien, dengan tingkat kepuasan tinggi yang dilaporkan di berbagai lingkungan. Misalnya, studi dari Swedia dan India melaporkan bahwa sekitar 78-93% pasien menyatakan puas atau bersedia menggunakan kembali layanan telemedisin. Namun, beberapa tantangan telah diidentifikasi, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia dan Filipina, termasuk biaya layanan, infrastruktur digital yang terbatas, dan literasi teknologi yang rendah
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