Aktivitas Antimikobakteri serta Penentuan MIC–MBC Ekstrak Etanol Daun Clerodendrum minahassae terhadap Mycobacterium smegmatis
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Tuberkulosis masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan global, terutama akibat meningkatnya kasus resistensi obat, sehingga diperlukan pencarian agen antimikobakteri baru berbasis bahan alam. Clerodendrum minahassae, tanaman obat yang digunakan secara tradisional di Sulawesi Utara, telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, namun potensi antimikobakterinya belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikobakteri ekstrak etanol daun C. minahassae terhadap Mycobacterium smegmatis sebagai organisme model, serta mengestimasi nilai MIC dan MBC. Ekstrak diuji pada konsentrasi 5, 7,5 dan 10 µg/disc menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Diameter zona hambat meningkat seiring kenaikan konsentrasi ekstrak, dengan rentang 9,40 ± 0,52 mm hingga 10,60 ± 0,92 mm. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan regresi linear berbasis metode Bloomfield menunjukkan hubungan dosis–respon yang sangat kuat (R² = 0,9926), yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai MIC sebesar 0,63 µg/disc dan MBC sebesar 2,52 µg/disc.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol C. minahassae memiliki aktivitas penghambatan dan bakterisidal yang terukur terhadap M. smegmatis pada konsentrasi relatif rendah. Meskipun bersifat eksploratif, temuan ini mendukung potensi C. minahassae sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif dengan relevansi antimikobakteri. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk fraksinasi terpandu bioaktivitas, identifikasi senyawa aktif, evaluasi toksisitas, serta validasi terhadap strain patogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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