Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Tablet Dispersibel Berbasis Nanopartikel untuk Meningkatkan Disolusi dan Stabilitas Formulasi Metformin
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Page: 2940-2950
Abstrak
Terapi metformin pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 memiliki keterbatasan akibat kelarutan air yang sangat rendah dan bioavailabilitas oral yang sedang, sehingga dapat menurunkan efektivitas klinisnya. Sediaan tablet dispersibel juga memberikan keuntungan bagi pasien geriatri yang mengalami kesulitan menelan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasi dan mengarakterisasi tablet dispersibel berbasis nanopartikel metformin untuk meningkatkan disolusi dan kestabilan fisikokimia awal. Nanopartikel metformin dipreparasi melalui metode nanopresipitasi dan dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ukuran partikel, polidispersitas, potensial zeta, serta sifat padatan menggunakan XRD dan DSC, sementara morfologi diamati dengan SEM. Nanopartikel kemudian dikompresi menjadi tablet dispersibel dan dievaluasi sesuai standar farmakope. Nanopartikel metformin yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran rata-rata 180 ± 20 nm (PDI 0,25; potensial zeta −25 mV). Analisis XRD dan DSC menunjukkan terjadinya amorfisasi parsial, diperkuat oleh citra SEM yang memperlihatkan partikel sferis dengan permukaan halus dan distribusi merata. Tablet dispersibel memenuhi persyaratan kompendial dan menunjukkan peningkatan disolusi yang nyata dibandingkan tablet konvensional, dengan pelepasan mencapai 88% pada menit ke-30. Setelah uji stabilitas dipercepat pada 40 °C/75% RH, kadar tetap ≥95% dan tidak terdapat perubahan signifikan pada profil disolusi (p > 0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan, tablet dispersibel berbasis nanopartikel ini berhasil meningkatkan disolusi metformin secara in vitro dan mempertahankan kestabilan fisikokimia pada tahap awal, sehingga mendukung pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam studi bioavailabilitas dan peningkatan kepatuhan penerimaan terapi pada pasien.
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